Current Affairs 7, 8 & 9 November 2026

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of Bharat Renewable Energy Summit and Expo 2026 Held in New Delhi
The inaugural edition of  Bharat Renewable Energy Summit (BRES) & Expo 2026 was held under the theme of “Invest. Innovate. Inspire”  from November 2 to 5, 2026 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The summit was inaugurated by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi and concluded with a valedictory address delivered by Vice-President C. P. Radhakrishnan. 
•  The summit was held alongside the 9th session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) assembly and the 4th International Conference on Green Hydrogen (ICGH).

About BRES & Expo 2026:
Organised by: The four-day summit was organised by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) in partnership with the ISA, with the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) and Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) serving as organising partners.
Key Address: PM Narendra Modi announced plans to add another 500 gigawatts (GW) of non-fossil fuel capacity over the next 10–11 years, highlighting India’s achievement of 50% non-fossil fuel installed power capacity in 2025, five years ahead of schedule.
Key Outcome: At the summit, India secured the investment commitments worth nearly USD 400 billion across the RE sector, which is almost double the USD 220 billion investment estimated by the Government of India (GoI) to fund the country’s green energy transition by 2030.

• The summit witnessed the signing of 10 Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) and framework agreements covering technology, research, manufacturing and renewable energy development. 
•  The summit witnessed the launch of International Energy Agency’s (IEA) report titled “India RE Market Report 2026: Analysis and Forecast to 2030”.

MoSPI’s ASI 2024–25 : 5 States, including TN, Karnataka, Contributed Over 54% of India’s Total manufacturing GVA in FY25
In November 2026, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the results of Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for the reference period April 2024 to March 2025 i.e. Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), including Volume I and Summary Results of Factory Sector along with unit level data . 

• The data showed that 5 states namely, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu (TN), Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh (UP) , contributed over 54% of India’s total manufacturing Gross Value Added (GVA) in FY25.
• The manufacturing corporate sector registered 9.28% growth in GVA, while India’s overall registered manufacturing GVA grew by 9.59% during FY25. 

Key Findings:
Manufacturing GVA: Basic metals, motor vehicles, chemicals and chemical products, pharmaceuticals and food products collectively contributed over 45% of total manufacturing GVA. 

• The number of persons engaged in registered manufacturing increased by 7.19%, from 1.96 crore in FY24 to 2.10 crore in FY25, adding over 14 lakh persons. 

Top 5 Employment Generation Sectors: As per the survey, Together, top 5 industries such as: food products; textiles; basic metals; motor vehicles, and wearing apparel, accounted for over 41% of the total manufacturing employment in  the country during FY25.
Manufacturing Establishments: The survey revealed that the number of registered manufacturing establishments increased by 2.64% (from 2.60 lakh in FY24 to 2.67 lakh in FY25).

• Top 3 States: TN with 41,221 establishments, recorded the highest number of establishments in FY25; followed by Gujarat (33,084); and Maharashtra (27,379).

Union Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar Launches ‘Vayo Samman Rashtriya Abhiyan’ to Strengthen Intergenerational Bonding
In November 2026, Union Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE) launched the ‘Vayo Samman Rashtriya Abhiyan’, a National Intergenerational Bonding Campaign, under the Atal Vayo Abhyuday Yojana (AVYAY) in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The campaign aims to foster intergenerational solidarity while ensuring the dignity, care and social inclusion of senior citizens. 

Highlights of Vayo Samman Rashtriya Abhiyan:
Framework: The campaign follows the 5C Model – Connect, Converse, Co-create, Contribute and Continue to strengthen intergenerational bonding through interaction, knowledge-sharing and sustained community participation.
Themes: It covers 12 thematic areas, including ‘30 Minutes Together’, ‘Teach Me – I’ll Teach You’, ‘My Story, My India’, ‘Digital Dada-Dadi / Digital Saathi’, ‘Generation Health & Wellness’ and ‘Silver Skills – Seniors as Mentors’, focusing on companionship, digital literacy, oral history, health awareness and mentorship.
Vayo SAATHI: Union Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar released the campaign handbook and launched Vayo SAATHI (Support, Awareness, Assistance, Training, Health and Inclusion), a digitally enabled volunteer initiative for citizens aged 18 years and above to support senior citizens.

Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman Released Rs. 250 Commemorative Coin Honouring Muthuswami Dikshitar
In November 2026, Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Ministry of Finance (MoF), released a Rs 250 commemorative coin to mark the 250th birth anniversary of Carnatic music maestro Muthuswami Dikshitar at Swatantrata Bhavan, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (UP).

• The coin was unveiled on 3 November 2026, at an event organised by the Centre of Excellence for Indian Knowledge Systems, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), to honour Dikshitar’s contributions to Indian classical music.

Highlights of the Commemorative Coin:
Coin Issuance: The 35-gram commemorative coin, with a diameter of 44 mm, was minted at the India Government Mint, Mumbai, under the authority of the Central Government. It contains 50% silver (Ag), 40% copper (Cu), 5% nickel (Ni) and 5% zinc (Zn).
Price and Availability: The collector’s coin was listed for sale at Rs 6,985, with 238 pieces shown in stock on 3 November 2026. It is intended as a commemorative collector’s item rather than for general cash transactions.
Support: The event received Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) support from the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), with its Managing Director (MD) Sundararaman Ramamurthy associated with the initiative.
Book: The book Amar Guruguham Potruvam, highlighting the life and musical legacy of Muthuswami Dikshitar, was released during the commemorative event at IIT-BHU.
Legacy: Muthuswami Dikshitar, one of the Trinity of Carnatic Music alongside Tyagaraja and Syama Sastri, composed around 450–500 Sanskrit compositions dedicated largely to Hindu deities and temples, blending devotion and philosophy; his works remain an integral part of the Carnatic music repertoire.

NITI Aayog and GIZ GmbH Sign Implementation Agreement under NDC-TIA II for Road Freight Decarbonisation
On 3 November 2026, NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) and Germany’s Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH signed an Implementation Agreement under the Nationally Determined Contribution–Transport Initiative for Asia Phase II (NDC-TIA II) to accelerate the decarbonisation of India’s road freight sector.
About NDC-TIA II:
Phase I: Launched in August 2020, NDC-TIA covered India, China and Vietnam, with support from Germany’s International Climate Initiative (IKI). 

• In India, NITI Aayog focused on transport decarbonisation, emission reduction and electric mobility. 

Focus: The NDC-TIA II is a regional initiative supported by the German Government’s International Climate Initiative (IKI), aimed at accelerating the decarbonisation of the transport sector, with a particular focus on road freight.
Implementing Partners: The NDC-TIA II initiative is implemented in collaboration with World Resources Institute (WRI) India, International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) India, and Agora Energiewende.
Key Focus Areas: The agreement promotes EV charging infrastructure, innovative financing and supportive regulations to accelerate freight decarbonisation and support India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, 2015.

CSIR–DAKSHIN Sign LoA to Strengthen Global South Cooperation
On 3 November 2026, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Development and Knowledge Sharing Initiative (DAKSHIN)  – Global South Centre of Excellence(CoE), hosted by the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), signed a Letter of Association (LoA) to promote capacity building, research collaboration and technology partnerships among countries of the Global South. 

• The LoA was signed by Dr. Rama Swami Bansal, Head of the International Science and Technology Affairs Directorate (ISTAD), CSIR, and Professor Sachin Kumar Sharma, Director General(DG), RIS.

About LoA:
Objectives: To promote joint research, scale up development initiatives, strengthen skills and capacity building, and enhance knowledge sharing among Global South countries.
Areas of Collaboration: Transferring CSIR’s affordable, adaptable and ready-to-deploy technologies across healthcare, infrastructure, agriculture, blue economy and digital economy sectors.
DAKSHIN’s Vision: Promoting knowledge sharing and mutual learning among Global South countries through sustainable, affordable and locally relevant solutions to common developmental challenges and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
CSIR’s Contribution: Leveraging its scientific and technological expertise and portfolio of ready-to-deploy, affordable and adaptable technologies for wider dissemination, industry-led implementation and entrepreneurship across partner countries.

Ministry of Culture Sign MoU with Google Arts & Culture to Digitise India’s Cultural Heritage
On 5 November 2026, the Ministry of Culture signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Google Arts & Culture to digitally preserve, document and showcase India’s cultural heritage using advanced digital technologies. 

• The MoU was signed at a virtual ceremony in the presence of Vivek Aggarwal, Secretary, Ministry of Culture, and Amit Sood, Vice President (VP) and Founder, Google Arts & Culture. 

Key Areas of MoU:
Objective: To use advanced digital technologies to preserve India’s historical monuments, archaeological sites, museum collections, manuscripts and traditional art forms.
Heritage Digitisation: The collaboration will cover collections associated with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), National Museum and National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA).
Gyan Bharatam: The initiative will support the digitisation and preservation of ancient manuscripts under the Gyan Bharatam initiative.
Yuge Yugeen Bharat Museum: The upcoming museum, located in the North and South Blocks, New Delhi, will be a major focus of the partnership, with digital documentation of its buildings and artefacts.

MoMSME Signs MoU with TRIFED to Expand Market Access for Tribal Artisans under PM Vishwakarma Scheme
In November 2026, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MoMSME) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED), under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), to enhance market access for eligible tribal artisans registered under the Pradhan Mantri(PM) Vishwakarma Scheme.
About MoMSME and TRIFED MoU:
Roles: MoMSME will identify and refer eligible tribal artisans, while TRIFED will facilitate their onboarding, capacity building and end-to-end product readiness, including aggregation, quality assurance, packaging, imaging and cataloguing.
Coverage: The collaboration will cover traditional crafts such as carpentry, metalworking, sculpting, goldsmithing, pottery, footwear, basketry, coir weaving, toy making and garland making.
Market Access: Provide dedicated display and sales spaces across Tribes India retail outlets and its online marketplace (tribesindia.com), including a proposed “Tribes India–PM Vishwakarma Collection”, subject to sellers’ consent and TRIFED policies.
Other MoUs: MoMSME also signed a three-year MoU with Samsung India Electronics Private Limited to provide National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF)-compliant, industry-oriented training in electronics, mobile phones and home appliances across 15 MSME Technology Centres.

MSDE Recognises MANAGE Hyderabad Recognised as CoE-Skills in Agriculture Sector
In November 2026, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) recognised the National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad(Telangana) an autonomous organisation working under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MoAFW), as a Centre of Excellence-Skills (CoE-Skills) in the agriculture Sector.

• The Certificate of Recognition (CoR) was formally presented on 2 November 2026 by Debashree Mukherjee, Secretary, MSDE, at Kaushal Bhawan, New Delhi, Delhi.

Key Details:
Recognition: MANAGE was among 19 institutions recognised as CoE-Skills under the Green Channel mechanism, aimed at strengthening vocational training and industry-relevant skill development.
Validity: The recognition will remain valid for a period of 3 years i.e. from October 09, 2026 to October 08, 2029.
Leadership: Empanelment, a key component of this initiative, was spearheaded by Sanjay Kumar Agarwal, Director General (DG) of MANAGE and Joint Secretary (Ext) by a team which comprises Dr K C Gummagolmath, Dr Veenita Kumari and Dr Shalendra.
Significance: The recognition will help the institute to expand its engagement in the skilling sector, promoting agricultural growth and rural entrepreneurship.
About MANAGE-Hyderabad: It was established in 1987  to strengthen the agricultural extension system in the country. It facilitates  training, consultancy, research and policy support  in agricultural extension, with headquarters in Hyderabad, Telangana.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

UNESCO Inscribes Rajatarangini, Mahabharata and Arthashastra in Memory of the World Asia-Pacific Register
In November 2026, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) inscribed three major Indian works Kalhana’s Rajatarangini, the Mahabharata and Kautilya’s Arthashastra in its Memory of the World Asia-Pacific (MOWCAP) Regional Register.

• The decision was taken at the 11th MOWCAP session in Jakarta, Indonesia, taking India’s total inscriptions in the Asia-Pacific Regional Register increased to six.   

About UNESCO Recognition for Indian Classics:
Rajatarangini: Written in Sanskrit by 12th-century Kashmiri historian Kalhana, it chronicles Kashmir’s rulers, political and cultural history, and social life; preserved at the Oriental Research Library, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K).
Mahabharata: Traditionally attributed to Sage Vyasa, this epic explores Dharma, duty, justice and human relationships; its 400-year-old birch-bark (Burjapatra) manuscript in Sharada script is preserved at Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, under the inscription The Birch-bark (Burjapatra) Manuscript of Mahabharata, A Perennial Epic of South Asia.
Arthashastra: Written by Kautilya, it covers governance, statecraft, economics, diplomacy and military strategy; its 16th-century palm-leaf manuscript in Grantha script is preserved at the Oriental Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, under the inscription Kautilya’s Arthashastra, Ancient Palm-leaf Manuscript on Governance and Statecraft.

Quad Naval Exercise MALABAR 2026 Begins in Japan; INS Sahyadri Participates
On November 5, 2026, the 30th edition of the multilateral Exercise Malabar (2026) commenced in the waters south of Japan’s Kanto region, hosted by Japan, with the participation of the navies of India, the United States of America (USA), Japan and Australia. 

• The four-nation Quad naval exercise will be conducted until November 12, 2026, to strengthen maritime cooperation, operational coordination and interoperability in support of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific. 

About Exercise MALABAR 2026:
Scope: The exercise involves advanced multi-domain naval operations across surface, subsurface, air and information warfare domains to strengthen operational coordination, interoperability and professional cooperation among the participating navies.
Phases: The exercise comprises two phases: the Harbour Phase, followed by the Sea Phase:

• Harbour Phase: Focuses on professional interactions, knowledge-sharing and collaborative operational planning among participating naval contingents. 
• Sea Phase: INS Sahyadri will operate alongside naval assets from Japan, the USA and Australia to enhance joint operational capabilities and maritime coordination.

India and Kazakhstan Sign Extradition Treaty to Strengthen Cooperation Against International Crime
In November 2026, India and Kazakhstan signed an Extradition Treaty to establish a legal framework for extraditing individuals wanted by either country’s law enforcement authorities and strengthen bilateral cooperation in combating international crime and terrorism.

• The treaty was signed by General Berik Assylov, Kazakhstan’s Prosecutor and Y.K. Sailas Thangal, India’s Ambassador to Kazakhstan in Kazakhstan.

About India–Kazakhstan Extradition Treaty:
Approval: On 26 August 2026, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi, approved the signing and ratification of extradition treaties, including the treaty with Kazakhstan.

• India and Kazakhstan had earlier signed a bilateral Extradition Treaty on 24 January 2009, which was ratified in February 2009.

Framework: The treaty complements two existing bilateral agreements: the Agreement on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters and the Agreement on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons.
Treaty Models: Extradition treaties may follow a specified-offences model, listing extraditable crimes, or a dual-criminality model, requiring the offence to be punishable under the laws of both countries.
Significance: The treaty strengthens the legal framework for criminal justice cooperation, helps combat international crime and reinforces bilateral relations between India and Kazakhstan.

BANKING & FINANCE

PFRDA Revises Naming of NPS scheme and Display of Pension Fund Options on PoP Platforms
In November 2026, the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) introduced changes regarding the naming of National Pension Scheme (NPS) schemes and the display of pension fund options on Point of Presence (PoP) platforms.

• The revised rules will come into effect from 1 December 2026.

Key Highlights
Category Disclosure: The category must be displayed immediately below or alongside the scheme name in a smaller font.
New Format: The revising naming format will consist of following three elements: Abbreviation of the Pension Fund (PF); Common Identifier NPS and a unique scheme name assigned by the PF.
Tier II: Tier II schemes must carry the suffix ‘Tier II’ at the end of their names, while Tier I schemes do not require a separate tier designation.
PoP Platforms: Platforms may place the schemes of a particular pension fund at the top or pre-select a scheme.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

GRSE Delivers Fifth Indigenous ASW Shallow Water Craft ‘Amini’ to Indian Navy
In November 2026, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, West Bengal (WB), delivered ‘Amini’, the fifth of eight indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASW SWCs), to the Indian Navy (IN).

• The vessel, delivered on 5 November 2026, marked the 119th warship built by GRSE and the 81st warship delivered to the Indian Navy, supporting India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative in defence manufacturing.

About ‘Amini’ ASW Shallow Water Craft:
Delivery: The vessel was formally accepted by Rear Admiral Gautam Marwaha, Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM), Chief Staff Officer (Technical), Headquarters Eastern Naval Command.
Naval Legacy: ‘Amini’ derives its name from Amini Island, in the Union Territory (UT) of Lakshadweep, and carries forward the name of the former INS Amini, a Petya III-class anti-submarine warfare corvette decommissioned in 2002.
Technical Specifications: Measuring approximately 77.6 metres(m) in length, with a displacement of around 900 tonnes, the vessel has a maximum speed of 25 knots and an endurance of approximately 1,800 nautical miles (NM). Its 2.7-metre shallow draught and diesel engine-powered waterjet propulsion enable enhanced manoeuvrability in coastal waters.

Earth Captures Temporary Mini-Moon 2026 QQ8 Until December 2026
In November 2026, asteroid 2026 QQ8, approximately 1 metre (m) (3 feet) in diameter, was confirmed as a natural temporary mini-moon captured by Earth’s gravity in April 2026 and is expected to remain gravitationally bound to Earth until December 2026 before escaping and continuing its orbit around the Sun. 

• Asteroid 2026 QQ8 was first observed by Hungarian astronomer Krisztián Sárneczky on 20 August 2026, with its discovery officially reported by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) on 29 October 2026. 

About Discovery of Mini-Moon:
Confirmation: Follow-up observations using the University of Hawaii’s 2.2-metre telescope and the Lowell Discovery Telescope confirmed 2026 QQ8 as a natural object, likely a small asteroid.
Closest Approach: During its temporary capture, the asteroid’s closest approach to Earth was estimated at 0.0038 Astronomical Units (AU), approximately 568,000 kilometres (km) or 1.5 times the average Earth–Moon distance, and it poses no threat to Earth.
Hill Sphere: In April 2026, 2026 QQ8 crossed Earth’s Hill sphere, the region where Earth’s gravitational influence can dominate smaller objects against the Sun’s gravitational pull, resulting in its temporary capture in an unusual looping, non-circular orbit.
Orbital History: The asteroid approaches Earth approximately once every 10 years, having passed without capture in 1965, with its next predicted close encounter in 2058 unlikely to result in another capture; it takes approximately 359 days (0.98 Earth years) to orbit the Sun.

ENVIRONMENT

New Flowering Plant Species ‘Disporum kamakhasiense’ Discovered in Assam and Meghalaya
In November 2026, researchers discovered Disporum kamakhasiense, a new plant species of perennial flowering herb belonging to the Colchicaceae family, in the forests of Assam and Meghalaya.

• The findings were published in the botanical journal Novon, highlighting the biodiversity of Northeast India and the need for conservation. 

About Disporum kamakhasiense:
Locations: Recorded in Garbhanga Reserve Forest and Laisong (Assam), and Barapani (Meghalaya), it grows on cliffs beneath bamboo forests in semi-evergreen habitats at elevations of 200–1,100 metres (m).
Features: It grows 120–180 centimeter (cm) tall, with extensively branched stems, glossy yellowish-green to dark-green leaves featuring seven prominent parallel veins, and delicate white, star-shaped flowers with distinctive straight spurs. 
Distinction: Differs from Disporum calcaratum in size, leaf and flower structure, flower stalk length, and stamen features; flowers during June–July and fruits during July–August.
Name Origin: Disporum kamakhasiense derives from Kamrupa (ancient Assam) and the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya..

SPORTS

Men’s Asian Champions Trophy 2026: Indian Hockey Team Defeats Japan to Win Record Sixth Title and Complete a Hat-Trick
The 9th edition of Men’s Asian Champions Trophy 2026, officially known as Hero Asian Champions Trophy Punjab 2026, an international field hockey tournament, was held from 27 October to 5 November 2026 across Jalandhar and Mohali in Punjab, India.

• Defending champions India defeated Japan 4–1 in the final to retain the title, securing a record-extending sixth championship (2011, 2016, 2018, 2023, 2024 and 2026) and a hat-trick (third consecutive) title (2023, 2024 and 2026), while Malaysia claimed the Bronze Medal.

About Men’s Asian Champions Trophy 2026:
Tournament Structure: The tournament, organised by the Asian Hockey Federation (AHF) in partnership with Hockey India, featured six teams playing a single round-robin league stage, with the top four advancing to the semifinals, followed by the classification matches, bronze medal match and final.

• Player of the Tournament: Harmanpreet Singh (India) received Hero of the Tournament award.
• Top Scorer: Harmanpreet Singh (India) 10 goals
• Goalkeeper of the Tournament: Krishan Bahadur Pathak (India)
• Best Young Player: Azimuddin Kamaruddin (Malaysia)

IMPORTANT DAYS

National Cancer Awareness Day 2026 – 7 November
India observes National Cancer Awareness Day (NCAD) annually on 7 November to promote awareness about cancer prevention, early detection, screening and timely treatment. The Day marks its 13th observance in 2026. 

• The observance is supported by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).

Background:
Establishment: National Cancer Awareness Day was introduced in September 2014 by former Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan, MoHFW
First Observance: The NCAD was first observed on 7 November 2014
Significance of Date: 7 November marks the birth anniversary of Marie Curie (7 November 1867), the Polish-born French physicist and chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911) for her pioneering research on radioactivity.
Cancer Awareness Ribbons: The lavender ribbon represents awareness of all cancers, pink symbolises breast cancer awareness, and pearl/white represents lung cancer awareness. More than 50 ribbon colours are used to symbolise different cancers and related causes.

138th Birth Anniversary of C. V. Raman – 7th November 2026
On 7th November 2026, India marks the 138th birth anniversary of renowned physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C. V. Raman), honouring his pioneering contributions to the field of light scattering and modern physics. 

• He was the first Indian physicist to win the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the Raman Effect, which explains the scattering of light by molecules. 

About Dr. Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman:
Career: Born on 7th November 1888 in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu (TN), he served as a professor at the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal (WB), and later became India’s first National Professor. 

• He became the first Indian Director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka (1933–1937), and continued to lead its Physics Department until 1948.

Scientific Visionary: He discovered the Raman Effect in 1928, co-discovered quantum photon spin in 1932, and advanced acoustics studies such as the ‘Raman Curve’, pioneering modern Indian physics and leaving a lasting impact on spectroscopy, chemistry and material science through his legacy at Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

STATE NEWS

Orange Oakleaf Selected as Chhattisgarh’s Proposed First State Butterfly
In October 2026, the Chhattisgarh State Wildlife Board, during its 15th meeting, approved a proposal to designate the Orange Oakleaf (Kallima inachus) as the State’s first State Butterfly, following an online public voting process conducted by the Forest and Climate Change Department. 

•  The initiative aims to promote awareness of Chhattisgarh’s butterfly diversity and public participation in biodiversity conservation, recognising butterflies’ ecological roles in pollination and food chains. 

About Orange Oakleaf:
Key Features: The Orange Oakleaf (Kallima inachus), also known as the Dead Leaf Butterfly, belongs to the Nymphalidae family and has a wingspan of 85–110 millimeter(mm). 

• Its closed wings resemble a dry leaf, while its upper wings display iridescent blue, black and orange patterns.

Habitat and Feeding: Found in moist hill forests up to 2,000 metres, its larvae feed on Strobilanthes species, while adults feed on rotting fruits, tree sap and moisture from damp patches.
State Butterflies in India: In 2015, Maharashtra became the first Indian State to declare a State Butterfly, selecting the Blue Mormon. Other State Butterflies include the Southern Birdwing (Karnataka), Tamil Yeoman (Tamil Nadu, TN), Malabar Banded Peacock (Kerala) and Orange Oakleaf (Madhya Pradesh, MP).

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