Current Affairs 24 October 2025

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs 24 October 2025, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2025 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

PSA Ajay Kumar Sood released three publications under the AI for India 2030 initiativeIn October 2025, the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) Ajay Kumar Sood released three publications under the Artificial Intelligence (AI) for India 2030 initiative led by the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (C4IR) India, World Economic Forum (WEF).

• These documents, targeted at agriculture, small businesses, and AI innovation ecosystems provide detailed, actionable frameworks to scale responsible and inclusive AI across critical sectors of the Indian economy.

Future Farming in India: AI Playbook for Agriculture
Purpose: The AI for agricultural playbook has four main purpose:

• To offer an overview of potential AI use cases and applications in agriculture and how they can be operationalized.
• To present a structured framework based on three critical pillars – enable, create and deliver – with clear guidelines and actions for stakeholders.
• To provide a call to action that leads to a dynamic platform outlining the next steps.

Transforming Small Businesses: An AI Playbook for India’s SMEs
Purpose: The AI playbook for MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) has five main purposes:
Shaping the AI Sandbox Ecosystem for the Intelligent Age: White Paper
Purpose: To establish an AI sandbox ecosystem that catalyses responsible innovation, enhances the ease of doing AI research and development, and positions India as a global leader in artificial intelligence by 2030.
To align AI strategies with ongoing initiatives in India, such as the IndiaAI Mission, Agri Stack and state-led AI programmes.
>>Read Full News

Indian Army Signed Rs 2,700 Crore Deal to Procure 4.25 Lakh Indigenous CarbinesIn October 2025, the Indian Army (IA) signed a contract worth Rs. 2,700 crore to procure 4.25 lakh close-quarter battle (CQB) carbines, marking a significant step in modernising infantry small arms and promoting indigenous defence production.

• Of the total order, 2.5 lakh carbines will be supplied by Bharat Forge, a unit of Kalyani Strategic Systems, while the remaining 1.75 lakh will be provided by Adani PLR Systems, a joint venture of Adani Group and Israel Weapon Industries (IWI).

About the Procurement of CQB Carbines:
Role & design: A short, lightweight CQB carbine built for close-quarters urban and indoor combat, prioritizing manoeuvrability.
Ammunition: 5.56×45 millimeter (mm) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) rounds.
Doctrine Change: Infantry has adopted a “shoot to kill” approach, replacing older 5.56 mm rifles with 7.62 mm platforms like American Sig Sauer and Russian-origin Avtomat Kalashnikova model 203 (AK-203) rifles.
IA Signed MoU with DTU to Enhance Defence Research and Skill Development
In October 2025, the Indian Army (IA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Delhi Technological University (DTU), Delhi, to enhance collaboration in research, innovation, and skill development across critical advanced technological domains.
Focus Areas: The partnership will cover joint research and academic initiatives in Defence Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Cyber Security, Geoinformatics, Data Analytics, and Soldier Upskilling.
About Indian Army (IA):
Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) – General Upendra Dwivedi
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established – 1895
Motto – Seva Paramo Dharma (Service Before Self)
>>Read Full News

MoHFW Launches Training Modules on Chemical Emergency Management in New Delhi, Delhi
On October 23, 2025, Punya Salila Srivastava, Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), launched training modules on Public Health Management of Chemical Emergencies at an event held at Nirman Bhawan in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The initiative aims to bolster national capacities in accordance with the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005.

About Training Modules:
Aim: To equip public health professionals, healthcare workers, emergency responders, and policymakers with necessary knowledge, skills, and operational tools.
Developer: The National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), under MoHFW, in collaboration with the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and with technical support from the World Health Organization (WHO) India, developed three specialized training modules.
Modules:

• Model 1: Focusing on preparedness, surveillance, and response for public health management.
• Model 2: Covering pre-hospital management of chemical emergencies, and Model 3: Dealing with the medical management of chemical emergencies.

India and UK Launch Ramanujan Junior Researchers Programme
In October 2025, India and the United Kingdom (UK) launched the ‘Ramanujan Junior Researchers Programme’, a fellowship designed to support young Indian scientists in theoretical physics and mathematics at the London Institute for Mathematical Sciences (LIMS), Royal Institution, London, the UK.

• The programme, named in honor of the legendary Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan.

About Ramanujan Junior Researchers Programme:
Inspiration: Programme inspired by Srinivasa Ramanujan’s historic 1913 collaboration with British mathematician G.H. Hardy at Cambridge.
Support: Backed by India’s Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology(MoS&T).
Phases: The programme will be implemented in two phases.

• Phase 1 – Ramanujan Junior Visitors: Up to six Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) students from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru(Karnataka), will join the programme at LIMS for several months to attend lectures, collaborate with senior theorists, and pursue advanced research.
• Phase 2 – Ramanujan Junior Fellowships: The programme invites early-career Indian researchers for three-year fellowships at LIMS to pursue independent projects with British collaborators, expanding to include top talent from institutes like International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS).

Coal India and IIT Madras Signs MoU to build a center for Sustainable Energy
On October 22, 2025, the Coal India Limited (CIL) and Indian Institute of Technology(IIT), Madras(Tamil Nadu, TN) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish the ‘Centre for Sustainable Energy’ at IIT Madras.

• The MoU was signed by Achyut Ghatak, Director (Technical) of CIL, and V. Kamakoti, Director of IIT Madras, in the presence of P.M. Prasad, Chairman, CIL, along with senior officials from both organizations.

About Centre for Sustainable Energy:
Purpose: The Centre will act as a hub for advanced research and capacity-building in sustainable energy technologies.
Focus Areas: Backed by CIL funding, it will work on repurposing coal mines, developing low-carbon technologies, and exploring innovative uses of coal as a key feedstock for India’s clean energy transition.
Alignment: Support India’s aim to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070.
Human Capital Development: The Centre will offer Doctor of Philosophy(PhD), postdoctoral, and internship programs to train and nurture the next generation of researchers and engineers.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Global Forest Resource Assessment Report 2025: India Ranks 9th Globally in Total Forest Area; Russia TopsOn October 21, 2025, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) released a report titled “Global Forest Resource Assessment (GFRA) 2025”. As per the report, India ranks 9th globally with 72.74 million hectares (Mha) of forest cover, representing 2% of the world’s total forests, up from 10th in the previous assessment.

• Russian Federation ranks first globally with 832.6 Mha, accounting for 20% of the world’s forests, followed by Brazil(486.08 Mha) and Canada(368.81 Mha).

Highlights of GFRA Report 2025:
Overview: Forests cover around 4.06 billion hectares, or 31% of the world’s land, comprising tropical (45%), boreal (27%), temperate (16%), and subtropical (11%) forests.
Top Countries: Russia, Brazil, Canada, the United States of America (USA)(308.9 Mha), and China(227 Mha), together hold more than 50% of the world’s total forest area.

• Australia ranks 6th with 134.0 Mha, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is 7th at 126.2 Mha, Indonesia holds 8th place, and Peru ranks 10th with 68.4 Mha of forest cover.

Global Forest Gain: The world has been adding approximately 6.78 Mha of forest annually, primarily due to restoration initiatives in Asia and Europe.

• Asia recorded the highest net gain in forest area about 1.17 Mha per year between 2010 and 2020.

Deforestation Trends: The global deforestation rate declined to 10.9 million hectares per year in 2015–2025, down from about 17.6 Mha per year in 1990–2000.

• However, net forest loss(considering both deforestation and forest expansion) has declined over time, from 10.7 Mha per year in 1990–2000 to 4.12 Mha per year in 2015–2025

Forest Decline: Global forest area fell from 4,343.5 Mha in 1990 to 4,140.2 million hectares in 2025, a loss of about 203 Mha over 35 years.
>>Read Full News

Japan-India Maritime exercise ‘JAIMAX 2025’ Held in JapanIn October 2025, the Indian Navy(IN) and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) conducted the Japan-India Maritime Exercise (JAIMEX) 2025 off the coast of Kyushu, Japan.

About JAIMAX 2025:
Aim: To enhance interoperability and strengthen maritime security cooperation between the Indian Navy and the JMSDF.
Activities: The activities include scross-deck visits, collaborative operational planning, sharing of best practices, and a combined Yoga session to foster camaraderie and unity.
Key Participants: 

• IN: Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri, an indigenously built Shivalik-class guided missile stealth frigate, commanded by Captain Rajat Kumar.
• JMSDF :Japan Ship(JS) Asahi (Destroyer), JS Oumi (Supply Ship) and Submarine Jinryu

Phases:

• Sea Phase(October 16-18, 2025): INS Sahyadri conducted advanced anti-submarine warfare and missile defense drills, flying operations, and underway replenishment exercises alongside JMSDF ships.
• Harbour Phase(October 21, 2025): This phase included a port call at Yokosuka, Japan, where the ship was received by Indian and Japanese officials. It Includes professional and cultural exchanges like cross-deck visits, joint planning, sharing best practices, and a combined yoga session.

Significance: JAIMEX 2025 highlights growing India-Japan defense and maritime cooperation, reinforcing their commitment to a free, open Indo-Pacific and strengthening the Special Strategic and Global Partnership (2014).
About Japan:
Prime Minister(PM)-Sanae Takaichi
Capital-Tokyo
Currency- Japanese Yen (JPY)

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Indian-origin historian Sunil Amrith wins British Academy Book PrizeIn October 2025, Indian-origin historian Sunil Amrith has won the 2025 British Academy Book Prize for the book– “The Burning Earth: An Environmental History of the Last 500 Years”.

Key Highlights:
Prize: The British Academy Book Prize, a prestigious GBP 25,000 award celebrating the world’s best works of non-fiction, was presented to the winner. In addition, each shortlisted author received GBP 1,000.
Eligibility: To be eligible for the prize, books must be works of non-fiction published in the United Kingdom (UK), with authors of any nationality, based anywhere in the world and working in any language, provided that the nominated work is available in the English language.
Author: Amrith is a professor of History at Yale University in the United States of America (USA).

• He is the author of five books, and a recipient of multiple awards including a MacArthur “Genius” fellowship, the 2024 Fukuoka Academic Prize, and the 2025 Toynbee Prize.

Book Overview: The book examines the relationship between human history and environmental changes over the past five centuries, offering insights into the origins of the current climate crisis.
Other shortlist: The other five shortlisted works, which each received GBP 1,000, included:

• ‘The Golden Road: How Ancient India Transformed the World’ by William Dalrymple
• ‘The Baton and The Cross: Russia’s Church from Pagans to Putin’ by Lucy Ash
• ‘Africonomics: A History of Western Ignorance’ by Bronwen Everill
• ‘Sick of It: The Global Fight for Women’s Health’ by Sophie Harman, and
• ‘Sound Tracks: A Musical Detective Story’ by Graeme Lawson.

About the British Academy Book Prize: The British Academy Book Prize established in 2013 rewards and celebrates writing grounded in high-quality research works of non-fiction that will inspire readers to deepen their understanding of people, society and cultures across time and place.

• It is supported by the Hawthornden Foundation and the Ford Foundation.

Neeraj Chopra Honored with rank of Lieutenant Colonel in Territorial ArmyIn October 2025, Union Minister Rajnath Singh, Ministry of Defence (MoD), formally conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army (TA) upon star javelin thrower and two-time Olympic medallist Neeraj Chopra at a pipping ceremony in South Block, New Delhi, Delhi.

• The honorary rank, effective April 16, 2025, honors his outstanding contributions to Indian sports and his embodiment of discipline and patriotism.

About Neeraj Chopra:
Army Service: Joined the Indian Army (IA) in August 2016 as Naib Subedar in 4 Rajputana Rifles, and subsequently promoted to Subedar (2021), Subedar Major (2022).
Sporting Achievements:

• Olympics: Gold medal in Tokyo 2020(Japan) (first-ever Olympic gold in athletics for India), Silver in Paris 2024(France)
• World Athletics Championships: Gold in Budapest 2023(Hungary), Silver in Oregon 2022(the United States of America, USA)
• Asian Games: Gold in 2018 and 2023
• Commonwealth Games: Gold in 2018
• Asian Athletics Championships: Winner in 2017
• Diamond League: Multiple gold medals
• Personal Best: 90.23 metres, m (2025), national record

Awards and Honours: Recipient of prestigious national awards including the Arjuna Award (2018), Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (2021), Padma Shri (2022) in the field of Sports, Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM, 2022), and Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, 2022).

SPORTS

Indian Olympic Gold Medalist Abhinav Bindra Appointed as Torchbearer for Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics
On October 22, 2025, Indian former sport shooter and Olympic Gold medalist Abhinav Bindra appointed as torchbearer for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, scheduled to be held from February 6 to 22, 2026, in Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy.

About Abhinav Bindra: 
Second Torch Relay:He will take part in an Olympic Torch Relay for the second time, after carrying the torch at Paris 2024.
Achievements: He won the gold medal in the 10 metre (m) air rifle event at the 2008 Beijing Olympics held in China, becoming the first Indian to achieve an Individual Olympic gold.

• In 2006, he won the gold medal in the 10-m air rifle event at the World Championships, becoming the first Indian to secure a shooting World Championship title.

About Torch Bearer: 
Significance: Torch-Bearers are chosen for their outstanding contributions to sport, society, or Olympic ideals. Carrying the flame symbolizes unity, peace, perseverance, and the universal spirit of sport.
Relay Journey: The Olympic Torch Relay is a ceremonial journey of the Olympic flame, which travels from Greece, the birthplace of the Olympics, to the host city.

Morocco Scripted History with 2-0 Win Against Argentina in FIFA U-20 World Cup Final
In October 2025, Morocco national football team clinched the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) U-20 World Cup title by defeating Argentina national football team by 2-0 in the final match held at Estadio Nacional Julio Martinez Pradanos in Santiago, Chile.

Key Highlights of Tournament:
Journey: Morocco advanced to the final with knockout victories over South Korea, the United States of America(USA), and France, securing their first-ever final spot by defeating France on penalties in the semi-final.
Historic: Morocco claimed its first-ever World Cup title at any level, becoming the first Arab nation and only the second African team, after Ghana in 2009, to win the FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Man of the Match: Football Club (FC) Famalicao Striker, Yassir Zabiri scored both goals against six-time champions Argentina in the final, earning the ‘Man of the Match’ award.
Other Awards: Othmane Maama (Morocco) won the Golden Ball as the tournament’s best player, followed by Yassir Zabiri (Silver) and Milton Delgado (Argentina, Bronze).

• Benjamin Cremaschi (USA) claimed the Golden Boot with 5 goals, Argentina’s goalkeeper Santino Barbi received the Golden Glove, while the USA earned the Fair Play Award for sportsmanship.

OBITUARY

Padma Bhushan Awardee, Veteran Space Scientist Eknath Vasanth Chitnis Passed AwayOn October 22, 2025, Dr. Eknath Vasant Chitnis, Pioneering Indian Space Scientist and Key Architect of Early Space Programme, passed away at the age of 100 in Pune, Maharashtra. He was born on July 25, 1925, in Kolhapur, Maharashtra.

• He received the Padma Bhushan, India’s third-highest civilian honour, in 1985 for his contributions in the field of science and technology.

About Eknath Vasanth Chitnis:
Profile: Dr. Eknath Vasant Chitnis, a distinguished Indian space scientist, was among the first generation of experts who laid the foundation for India’s space revolution.
ISRO Pioneer:He was a close associate of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India’s space programme, played a vital role in founding the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), which later evolved into the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and was instrumental in selecting Thumba, Kerala, for India’s first rocket launch.

• He oversaw the development of India’s first telecommunications satellite and established the foundation for the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT).

Mentor: He personally guided Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, recommending him for the Satellite Launch Vehicle(SLV) project and advanced international training, helping shape him into a distinguished scientific leader.
Innovation: He made a landmark contribution through the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE, 1975–76), which broadcast educational programmes to 2,400 villages across six states using National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA’s) Applications Technology Satellite(ATS) -6 satellite, and laid the groundwork for the digital revolution.
Retirement: He retired in 1985 as the Second Director of the Space Applications Centre (SAC) in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Legacy: He inspired generations by helping set up the Educational Multimedia Research Centre (EMRC) at Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune and stayed active in academia for 20 years.
Media Leadership: He served on the Board of Directors(BoD) of the Press Trust of India (PTI) from 1983 to 2010, including two terms as its chairman.

Former Union Minister & Congress Leader Yogendra Makwana Passed Away
In October 2025, Dr. Yogendra Makwana, former Union Minister and senior Congress leader, passed away at the age of 92 in Ahmedabad (Gujarat). He was born on 23 October 1933 in Sojitra village, Anand district, Gujarat.

About Yogendra Makwana: 
Political Affiliation: Yogendra Makwana began his political journey as the General Secretary of the Kheda District Praja Samajwadi Party and later joined the Indian National Congress (INC) at the invitation of former Prime Minister (PM) Indira Gandhi.
Parliamentary Career: He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the Rajya Sabha from 1973 to 1989, also holding roles as Deputy Chief Whip and Secretary of the Congress Parliamentary Party (Rajya Sabha).
Ministerial Positions: He served as a Union Minister from 1980 to 1988 under PMs Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi, handling key portfolios including Home Affairs, Planning, Communications, Steel and Mines, Health, and Agriculture.
Social Advocacy: He championed Scheduled Castes (SC) and marginalized communities, led the All India Congress Committee (AICC)’s SC Department in 2006, and promoted the Social Component Plan.
Assam Agitation: He played a pivotal role in resolving the Assam Agitation by negotiating with the All Assam Students Union (AASU) and the Assam Gana Parishad (AGP), integrating them into mainstream politics.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

Defense Minister Rajnath Singh Released Lt Gen Raj Shukla’s Book on “Civil-Military fusion”
In October 2025, Union Minister Rajnath Singh, Ministry of Defence(MoD), released the book titled “Civil-Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power and Comprehensive Security”, authored by Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) Raj Shukla (Retired) at the event held at the United Service Institution of India (USI) in New Delhi, Delhi.

About the book:
Publisher: The book was published by Notion Press.
Focus: The book focuses on conveying that civil-military relations must evolve into Civil-Military Fusion (CMF) with deeper integration of civilian industry, academia and defense technology.
Emphasis: The book emphasizes asset-based thinking rather than deficit-based thinking.

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Snow Leopard Day 2025 – October 23World Snow Leopard Day (WSLD), also known as International Snow Leopard Day, is observed globally on 23rd October each year to raise awareness about the conservation of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia).

• 2025 Theme :”Protecting the Mountain Guardian”

Background:
Origin: The WSLD was established during the Global Snow Leopard Conservation Forum held in Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic in 2013.
Declaration: The 12 Snow Leopard range countries adopted the Bishkek Declaration, designating 23 October as WSLD and launching the Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection (GSLEP) Program for long-term snow leopard conservation.
First Observance: The first WSLD was celebrated on 23 October 2014.
UN Recognition: In 2024, the United Nations General Assembly(UNGA) officially proclaimed 23 October as the WSLD.
Project BRAHMANK: BRO Joins Global Snow Leopard Conservation Campaign
Global Participation: On the occasion of WSLD 2025, Project BRAHMANK of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) under the Ministry of Defence(MoD) joined the worldwide campaign “#23for23: “23 Minutes for Snow Leopards”, highlighting its support for global snow leopard conservation efforts.
>>Read Full News

National Cybersecurity Awareness Month 2025 – October
National Cybersecurity Awareness Month (NCSAM) is observed every year in October globally, including India and the United States, to raise awareness about the importance of cybersecurity and promote safe online practices among individuals, families, businesses, and communities.
Theme in India: “Cyber Jagrit Bharat” – translating to a Cyber Safe India.
Focus: Cybersecurity as a national priority.

About National Cybersecurity Awareness Month (NCSAM):
Background: Launched in 2004 by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the National Cybersecurity Alliance, the month has grown to be a collaborative initiative involving governments, private sectors, and educational institutions globally to educate the public.

• In India, The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) actively observes this month with various campaigns to build a resilient cybersecurity culture.

The Global theme: “Stay Safe Online”. Which emphasizes the simple yet powerful ways individuals and organizations can protect themselves, their families, and their businesses from cyber threats
Objective: Promote understanding and adoption of cybersecurity best practices across citizens, businesses, and government entities.
Events:
MoMSME Knowledge Session: The Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MoMSME) conducted a knowledge session titled “Building Cyber Resilience Towards a Cyber Jagrit Bharat” in hybrid mode, as part of the National Cyber Security Awareness Month (October).

• The succession was chaired by Subhas Chandra Lal (S.C.L.) Das, Secretary, MoMSME.

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