Current Affairs 23 October 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

MoCA Marks 9th UDAN Anniversary, Highlights Growth in Regional Connectivity SchemeOn 21st October 2025, the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) celebrated the 9th anniversary of the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) – UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) in New Delhi, Delhi.
Key Highlights
Key People: The celebration was chaired by Samir Kumar Sinha, Secretary of Civil Aviation and attended by Vipin Kumar, chairman of Airports Authority of India (AAI) and other senior officers of the Ministry.
About UDAN scheme
Launched in: The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi launched the RCS-UDAN scheme on October 21, 2016.
Objective: This scheme aims to democratize aviation by making flying accessible and affordable for all.

• It was conceptualised with a 10-year vision, to connect Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities through a market-driven yet financially supported model.

Components: The first one is to improve the existing airports and develop new ones for faster regional connectivity.

• The second one is the addition of new, capped airfare and financially viable regional reel roots.

>>Read Full News

Chennai Becomes First Indian City to Implement Real-Time Flood Forecasting System
In October 2025, Chennai, Tamil Nadu(TN), became the first city in India to fully operationalize a Real-Time Flood Forecasting and Spatial Decision Support System (RTFF & SDSS), strengthening its flood preparedness and response capabilities.

About RTFF & SDSS:
Overview: A real-time flood forecasting and decision support system that predicts and manages urban floods by integrating data from Automatic Rain Gauges (ARGs), Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), Automatic Water Level Recorders (AWLRs), and Gate Sensors (GS).
Coverage: It spans 4,974 square kilometer(sq km), including Chennai and surrounding districts, focusing on key sub-basins such as Adyar, Cooum, Kosasthalaiyar, and Kovalam rivers.
Implementation:The project was funded by the World Bank(WB) under the Project Development Grant Fund (PDGF) and managed by Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited (TNUIFSL).

• It was developed in collaboration with SECON Private Limited  and JBA Consulting (United Kingdom, UK), supervised byIndian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras (IIT-M).

Operational Control:It is managed via the Hydro Modelling Control Room (HMCR) in Chennai for central forecasting and Regional Control and Command Centres (RCCCs) in Royapuram, Anna Nagar, and Adyar for local flood response using Closed-Circuit television(CCTV), rain/flood sensors, and water level meters.

Naval Group Signs MoU with MDL to Foster Submarine Export Cooperation
In October 2025, France-based Naval Group renewed its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) to collaboratively offer advanced Scorpene-class submarines to a friendly nation.

Key Details of MoU:
Background: The MoU builds on the agreement, signed in 2023, to strengthen cooperation in submarine building, Technology Transfer (TT), and integration of advanced systems.
Integration: The MoU leverages the expertise of Naval Group in submarine design and combat systems, combined with MDL’s robust industrial capabilities and track record in indigenous submarine construction under the “Make in India” initiative.

• The MoU retains the technological and industrial partnership framework, including joint marketing for international customers.

Alignment: The partnership supports the ‘Indo-French Horizon 2047 roadmap’, commemorating 25 years of the India-France Strategic Partnership.

Union MoS Jitin Prasada Inaugurates Uttarakhand AI Impact Summit 2025 in Dehradun
In October 2025, Union Minister of State(MoS) Jitin Prasada, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology(MeitY) and Ministry of Commerce and Industry(MoC&I) inaugurated the Uttarakhand AI Impact Summit 2025 at Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

About Uttarakhand AI Impact Summit 2025:
Organizer: The Department of Information Technology (IT), Government of Uttarakhand, in collaboration with the India AI Mission under MeitY, organized the Uttarakhand AI Impact Summit 2025.
Focus: The summit united policymakers, industry leaders, startups, and academia to explore AI’s role in sustainable development, governance, and entrepreneurship.
Showcase: Featuring innovations from Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Kashipur(Uttarakhand) and Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) Dehradun.
Prelude: The Uttarakhand AI Impact Summit 2025 acted as a precursor to the India–AI Impact Summit 2026, set to be held in New Delhi on February 19–20, 2026.

India Develops First Indigenously Discovered Antibiotic ‘Nafithromycin
In October 2025, Union Minister of State(MoS) (Independent Charge, IC) Dr. Jitendra Singh, Ministry of Science and Technology (MoS&T), has announced the development of ‘Nafithromycin’, India’s first indigenously discovered antibiotic.

• This antibiotic effectively combats drug-resistant respiratory infections, offering particular benefits to cancer patients and individuals with poorly controlled diabetes.

About Nafithromycin:
Developed by: The antibiotic Nafithromycin has been developed by the Department of Biotechnology (DoB) under the MoS&T in collaboration with Wockhardt, a global pharmaceutical company.
Trial: Supported by the DoB, the study at Christian Medical College(CMC), Vellore, Tamil Nadu(TN), achieved a 60–70% success rate with no bleeding, and the results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Clinically validated:  The antibiotic is the first molecule entirely conceptualized, developed and clinically validated in India, representing a significant leap toward self-reliance in the pharmaceutical sector.
Genomics: India has sequenced 10,000+ human genomes and plans to reach one million in the coming years.

BANKING & FINANCE

ADB, World Bank Signed USD 3 Billion EEA to Boost Lending for Developing NationsIn October 2025, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has signed a USD 3 billion sovereign Exposure Exchange Agreement (EEA) with the World Bank (WB) to increase the lending capacity of ADB for its developing member nations.

• This marked ADB’s 1st EEA with WB and 6th EEA with other Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) since 2020.
• Following this agreement, the cumulative exchanged amount to USD 9 billion.

About Sovereign EEA:
Purpose: The EEA acts as a risk management tool, enabling Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to lower portfolio concentration risks by swapping exposure from countries with large sovereign loans to those with limited or no exposure.
Benefit: This mechanism frees up capital, boosting lending capacity and providing extra borrowing headroom within ADB’s limits framework.
Collaboration: This EEA with ADB highlights the WB’s commitment to partnering with other MDBs to maximize opportunities and expand overall lending capacity in the sector.
Impact: This USD 3 billion agreement boosts ADB’s total lending capital, enhancing India’s access to affordable, large-scale financing for strategic infrastructure and clean energy projects.
About Asian Development Bank(ADB):
President– Masato Kanda (Japan)
Headquarters– Manila, the Philippines
Established– 1966

SEBI Panel Led by R.S. Gandhi Proposes Higher Transaction Fees for Clearing CorporationsIn October 2025, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-constituted working group headed by Rama Subramaniam(R.S) Gandhi, former Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has proposed increasing transaction charges for clearing corporations such as NSE Clearing Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the National Stock Exchange (NSE). However, SEBI clarified that broker charges will remain unchanged.

• This move aims to bolster the financial independence of these corporations and strengthen their balance sheets.

Other Key Details:
Recommendation: The working group proposed that clearing corporation transaction charges be reviewed, scientifically structured, and linked to overall transaction volumes to ensure fairness and financial stability.
SGF: The working group is also exploring a proposal under which the ‘clearing members’ of these corporations would have to contribute to the Settlement Guarantee Fund (SGF).
Internal Report: The panel has also studied and examined the findings of an internal report which indicates that the current earning structure of these corporations is not robust enough to make them self-sufficient.
Fee Structure: Currently, NSE Clearing receives nearly 5% to 6% of the fees that NSE collects from members. A revision of the charges for the clearing corporation, expected to increase the share to 25% or even a little higher.
Potential Impact: The proposed fee revision could lower standalone earnings of major exchanges like NSE, while brokers and clearing members may face increased cost pressures.
Important Terms:
Settlement Guarantee Fund (SGF): The fund, maintained by Clearing Corporations, is created specifically to meet contingencies arising from payment default by any member or broker of the stock exchange.
Clearing Member (CM): CM, a member of the Clearing Corporation, is responsible for clearing and settling trades on behalf of themselves and/or his clients.
About Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI):
The SEBI was initially formed as a non-statutory body on April 12, 1988, and later granted statutory powers through the SEBI Act, 1992, which came into effect on January 30, 1992.
Chairperson- Tuhin Kanta Pandey
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

Ola Electric Launches Its First Residential BESS ‘Ola Shakti’
In October 2025, Ola Electric Mobility Limited (Ola Electric) launched ‘Ola Shakti’, a residential Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), marking its entry into India’s Rs.1 lakh core BESS market.

About Ola Shakti:
Launch: Ola Shakti, powered by Ola’s indigenous 4680 “Bharat Cell” technology, marks its entry into the residential BESS segment. Deliveries are expected in January 2026.
Technology: The 4680 Bharat Cell is a cylindrical lithium-ion cell developed by Ola for its Electric Vehicles (EVs), designed for high energy density, efficiency, and thermal stability.
Product Variants: Ola Shakti is available in four variants, including Shakti S with a capacity of 1.5 Kilowatt-hour (kWh) for Rs. 29,999 for first 10,000 units, Shakti M (3kWh) (Rs.55,999), Shakti L (5.2kWh) (Rs.1,19,999), and Shakti XL (9.1kWh) (Rs.1,59,999).

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

MoWCD Awarded for Outstanding Contribution to Implementation of PMJANMAN
In October 2025, the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD), has been awarded for its exceptional contribution towards the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri  – Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM–JANMAN) scheme.

• The award was presented by President Droupadi Murmu to Anil Malik, Secretary of the MoWCD, during the National Conclave on ‘Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan’, organised by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs(MoTA), at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi, Delhi.

About PM-JANMAN Scheme:
Background: In 2023, the union cabinet chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi approved the scheme with total budget outlay of Rs 24,104 crore, targeting 11 key interventions across 9 line ministries.
Objective: To enhance the socio economic conditions of 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) living in 18 states and the Union Territory (UT) of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Time line: The scheme aims to provide basic amenities to PVTGs within a time period of 3 years.
Key Progress: So far, over 2,000 Anganwadi Centres have been made operational PVTG areas under the PM-JANMAN scheme.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Justice Prathiba M. Singh Appointed as Chair of WIPO Advisory Board of JudgesOn October 21, 2025, Justice Prathiba Maninder (M). Singh of the Delhi High Court(HC) was appointed as the Chair of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Advisory Board of Judges for the 2025 -2027 term by WIPO through its judicial institute. This is a historic milestone for India, as she is the first Indian to head this international body.

• For the 2025–2027 term, alongside Justice Prathiba M. Singh, the Board includes judges from Panama, China, Kazakhstan, Egypt, France, Canada, Tanzania, Luxembourg, and South Korea.
• Under Justice Prathiba M. Singh, the board will advance Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital IP law, foster international judicial collaboration, support women in IP, and broaden the WIPO Lex-Judgements Database.

About WIPO Advisory Board of Judges:
Governance: The Board functions under the WIPO Judicial Institute, a global hub for IP judicial training and collaboration.
Composition: It is a top-level global forum made up of judges from different countries, all with extensive knowledge of IP law.
Influence: The board plays a key role in guiding WIPO’s work with courts worldwide, ensuring its programs address the needs of judges across diverse legal systems and traditions.
>>Read Full News

Sanae Takaichi Becomes Japan’s 1st Female PMIn October 2025, Sanae Takaichi, Japan’s former Economic Security and Interior Minister and leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), made history by becoming Japan’s first female Prime Minister(PM) after her election as LDP President was ratified by both the Houses of Parliament (known as Japanese Diet).

• She succeeded Shigeru Ishiba, who resigned in September 2025, becoming Japan’s 104th PM and the fourth to hold the post in five years.

Election Result:
Lower House: Sanae Takaichi was elected by the lawmakers in the lower house of parliament, securing 237 votes against 149 votes by her closest rival Yoshihiko Noda, leader of the liberal Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP).
Upper House: Later, she was elected by the upper house of parliament, receiving 125 votes, just one vote above the simple majority necessary for victory.
About Sanae Takaichi:
Political Career: She started her political career in 1993 by winning a lower house seat, representing her hometown Nara 2nd District, as an independent. Later, she joined the LDP in 1996.
Japan’s Iron Lady: She has been widely referred to in the media as ‘Iron Lady ’of the Japan due to her admiration for Margaret Thatcher, former PM of the United Kingdom (UK) and her own stalwart conservative position.
Follower of Abenomics: Sanae Takaichi, a protégé of Japan’s former PM Shinzo Abe, has pledged to revive the economic vision of ‘Abenomics’, which focuses on fiscal stimulation, monetary easing, and structural reforms aimed to boost country’s moribund economy.
Portfolios: For the 1st time, she entered in the cabinet under Shinzo Abe’s regime in September 2006, and held the position of the Minister of State for Okinawa and Northern Territories.

• She also held various portfolios like: Minister of International Affairs Communication (from 2014 to 2017 and from 2019 to 2020); Economic Security Minister (from 2022 to 2024)

About Japan:
Capital- Tokyo
Currency- Japanese Yen (JPY)

SPORTS

Overview of 2025 World Para Powerlifting Championships Held in Cairo, EgyptThe 11th edition of the World Para Powerlifting Championships 2025 was held at Cairo, Egypt from 11 to 18 October 2025, marking the first-ever World Championships held in Africa.

• The event took place at the Egypt International Olympic Games City, New Administrative Capital, with 537 athletes from 70 countries, including all Paralympic champions from the Paris 2024 Games.
• China claimed its fifth consecutive and sixth overall title as the leading nation in Para Powerlifting.

About the World Para Powerlifting Championships 2025:
Organiser: World Para Powerlifting (WPPO), under International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
Hosts: Egyptian Paralympic Committee (EPC)
Events Included:

• Rookie & Next Gen World Championships (October 9-10)
• Elite World Championships (October 11-18)

Significance: Marks the beginning of the qualification pathway for the Los Angeles 2028 Paralympic Games.
 Achievement of India’s Joby Mathew: 
Medal: Won bronze in the Men’s 65kg Legend (Masters) category.
Personal Best: Lifted 152kg, surpassing his previous best of 150kg at the Beijing World Cup.
Previous Medal: This was his second World Championship bronze, after winning in Dubai 2023.
About International Paralympic Committee (IPC):
President – Andrew Parsons
Headquarters – Bonn, Germany
Established – 1989
>>Read Full News

Goa CM Pramod Sawant Unveils Official Logo & Anthem for FIDE World Cup 2025

On October 21, 2025,  Pramod Sawant, Chief Minister (CM) of Goa, unveiled the official logo and anthem for the International Chess Federation (FIDE) Chess World Cup 2025 at a grand ceremony in Panaji, Goa.

• The tournament marks its return to India after 23 years, taking place in North Goa from October 31 to November 27, featuring 206 top players from 82 countries competing for a USD 2 million prize fund.

About Logo & Anthem:
Logo: The logo is designed to reflect Goa’s identity and the spirit of chess. It consists of three trapezoidal panels. It includes:

• Green Panel: It features a white palm tree and blue wave, symbolizing the coastal charm and natural beauty of Goa.
• Red Panel: It features a white checkerboard pattern, reminiscent of a chessboard, representing the strategic depth and competitive nature of chess.
• Yellow Panel: It features a stylized sun with curved rays, reflecting the warm, vibrant, and welcoming culture of Goa.

Anthem: The official anthem is titled “It’s Your Move” and is performed by Daler Mehndi.

• It underscores India’s rising prominence in chess, showcasing top players including D. Gukesh, Arjun Erigaisi, Koneru Humpy, Tania Sachdev, and Vidit Gujrathi.

Sultan of Johor Cup 2025: India Clinched Silver after Narrow 2-1 Loss to Australia
In October 2025, Indian Junior Men’s Hockey Team clinched a Silver Medal after losing narrowly by 2-1 to Australia in the final match of the 13th edition of Sultan of Johor Cup held at the Taman Daya Hockey Stadium in Johor Bahru(JB), Malaysia. This marked India’s 5th Silver at the Sultan of Johor Cup after 2012, 2015, 2018 and 2019.

• The tournament took place from October 11 to 18, 2025.
• Great Britain beat Pakistan 3-2 to finish in third place(Bronze).

About Sultan of Johor Cup 2025:
Background: The Sultan of Johar Cup is a week-long annual Under-21 (U-21) hockey tournament being held in Malaysia since 2011 (except in 2020 and 2021 due to COVID-19 Pandemic).
Participating Countries: The tournament saw the participation of 6 teams (India, Great Britain, New Zealand, Pakistan, Australia, and Malaysia).

• Indian Team: Indian Hockey Team which comprised 18 members participated at the tournament, with Rohit as Captain and two-time Olympic Bronze Medallist PR Sreejesh as Coach.

Most Successful Teams: Great Britain is the most successful team in the history of the Sultan of Johor Cup, having won the title 4 times; followed by India who had won the tournament 3 times (i.e. in 2013, 2014 and 2022).

IMPORTANT DAYS

Police Commemoration Day 2025 – October 21Police Commemoration Day is annually observed across India on October 21 to honor police personnel in India who sacrificed their lives in the line of duty.

• The day commemorates the martyrdom of 10 policemen who were killed by Chinese troops at Hot Springs in Ladakh in 1959.

Background: In January 1960, a resolution was passed at the Annual Conference of Inspectors General of Police of States and Union Territories (UTs), recognizing October 21st of every year as the Police Commemoration Day.

• The Police Commemoration Day was first observed in 1960.

2025 Events:
Ceremony: Union Minister Rajnath Singh, Ministry of Defence (MoD) presided over the central ceremony at the NPM in New Delhi. The event included a wreath-laying ceremony to honor the police and paramilitary personnel who have fallen into the line of duty.
Parade: A joint parade of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) and Delhi Police was held. The event showcased the operational capabilities, discipline, and coordination of various units.
About the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF):
Director General (DG) – Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established – 1939
>>Read Full News

World Iodine Deficiency Day 2025 – October 21Global Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) Prevention Day or World Iodine Day is observed annually across the globe on October 21 to create awareness about iodine and its usage among the people.

Background:
Origin: The observance started in 1990 at the World Summit for Children, aiming to eliminate IDDs.
Recognition: In 2002, it was formally declared as WIDD, backed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF).
About Iodine:
Importance: Iodine is a micronutrient essential for the thyroid, a gland that regulates heart rate, metabolism, body temperature, and muscle contractions.
Sources: Iodine is mainly found in animal protein and sea vegetables, with smaller amounts in bread, cereals, and milk.
Function: Iodine is required to produce thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which help in protein and enzyme synthesis and regulate metabolism.
Iodine Deficiency Diseases (IDD):
Inadequate Intake: Low or Inadequate intake of iodine will lead to diseases like high rate of infant mortality rate, goitre (enlarged thyroid gland), hyperthyroidism and delay in intellectual growth of children.
Brain Issues: It also causes brain issues, neurological disorders and intellectual development problems among children.
Precautions: To avoid such cases, indulging iodine rich food and especially iodized salt in the diet can help with iodine deficiency.
Keyfacts:
Impact: According to the WHO, nearly 2 billion people worldwide suffer from insufficient iodine intake.

• Iodine deficiency affects 130 countries, impacting around 740 million people.

Risk Exposure: About one-third (33%) of the global population is at risk of IDD.

• In India, over 61 million people have endemic goitre, and 8.8 million face disabilities from iodine deficiency.

IDD Prevention in India:
NIDDCP: The National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP), launched in 1992, is an expanded version of the 1962 National Goitre Control Programme (NGCP) aimed at tackling iodine deficiency across India.
Iodized Salt: This initiative makes sure that salt produced should have adequate amounts i.e.,15 parts per million (ppm) of iodine.

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