Current Affairs 10 October 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

PM Narendra Modi Inaugurates NMIA, Launches Multiple Development Projects in Mumbai, MaharashtraOn October 8, 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated First Phase (Phase I) of the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA) and launched and dedicated multiple development projects in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Navi Mumbai International Airport:
Overview: NMIA, built with a budget outlay of Rs.19,650 crores, is India’s largest Greenfield airport project. It will serve as the second international airport for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, alongside Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA), Mumbai.
Developer: It is developed under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model by Adani Airports Holdings Limited (AAHL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Adani Enterprises Limited, and City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO), aligning with Viksit Bharat 2047, vision of Government of India (GOI)
Metro Connectivity:
Overview: PM Modi inaugurated Phase 2B, the final phase, of the Mumbai Metro Line-3 (also called as the Aqua Line), stretching from Acharya Atre Chowk to Cuffe Parade in Mumbai.

• It is the first and only fully underground Metro in Mumbai.

Budget: It is built at a cost of Rs.12,200 crores, totaling the total cost of Aqual Line project to Rs.37,720 crores including all phases.
Coverage: The Mumbai Metro Line-3, spanning 33.5 Kilometre (Km) from Cuff Parade to Aarey Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road (JVLR) with 27 stations, is expected to serve around 13 lakh commuters every day.
Mumbai One’ Application: Launched “Mumbai One”, an integrated mobility application, aimed at providing seamless integration of public transport services across Mumbai. It enables commuters to plan, book, and pay for metros, buses, and suburban trains through a single interface.
>>Read Full News

NCA, DoT and GSMA Signed MoU to Strengthen Telecom Policy, Research and Capacity Building
In October 2025, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) under Ministry of Communication; the National Communications Academy (NCA), and the GSM Association (GSMA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in New Delhi (Delhi) to enhance collaboration in telecom policy, research, and capacity building, supporting India’s Digital India vision.

• The MoU was signed by Atul Sinha, Director General (DG) of NCA, and Vivek Badrinath, DG of GSMA in the presence of Union Minister Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, Ministry of Communication .

Key Details of MoU:
Partnership: The MoU is NCA’s first international agreement, creating a framework with GSMA for telecom policy, research, training, and capacity building.
Focus Areas: The MoU aims to enable joint research, knowledge sharing, and training programs for professionals across India’s public and private telecom sectors.
Skill Development: The initiative will update modules, hold workshops, and provide global exposure to boost capabilities and promote Atmanirbharta.
Emerging Technologies: Promote adoption and research in 5G, 6G, Artificial Intelligence (AI),  Internet of Things (IoT), and quantum communications to drive sustainable digital transformation.

MoE and MoHFW Launched ‘Tobacco-Free Youth Campaign 3.0’ to Safeguard Student’s Health
On October 9, 2025, the Ministry of Education (MoE), in collaboration with the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), launched the ‘Tobacco-Free Youth Campaign 3.0 (TFYC 3.0)’, a 60-day national initiative aimed at promoting tobacco-free learning environments across schools, colleges, and vocational training institutions in India.

• The campaign reinforces the Government’s commitment to creating a tobacco-free generation under the Viksit Bharat@2047 vision.

Key Components of TFYC 3.0
Guidelines: Ensure educational institutions follow Tobacco-Free Educational Institutions (ToFEI) guidelines and maintain 100-yard tobacco-free zones.
Capacity Building: Workshops for school heads, teachers, and National Service Scheme (NSS)/National Cadet Corps (NCC) volunteers to promote tobacco awareness.
Counselling : Help students quit tobacco and other substance use.
Community Engagement: Awareness campaigns, competitions, and recognition of compliant institutions.
Media & Outreach: Dissemination of educational videos, participation in World No Tobacco Day (31 May) Quiz and ‘School Challenge: Towards a Tobacco-Free Generation’ on the MyGov platform.
GYTS-2019: According to the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS-2019), 8.4% of Indian students aged 13–15 years currently use tobacco, and the survey found that the average age of tobacco initiation among these students is 10 years.

MoAFW Expands e-NAM Platform by Adding Nine New Commodities to Boost Farmer and Trader Opportunities
On October 8, 2025, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (DoAFW), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (MoAFW), Government of India (GOI), expanded the electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) platform, by adding nine new commodities, totaling tradable agricultural commodities to 247.

• The move is aimed at increasing market access, transparency, and fair pricing for farmers across India.

Significance of e-NAM Expansion: The e-NAM platform facilitates online trading of agricultural produce, connecting Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) across the country to enable real-time price discovery and transparent transactions. The addition of these new commodities reflects efforts to integrate diverse agricultural products under a unified digital marketplace.
Nine new Commodities: It includes Green Tea, Tea, Aswagandha Dry Roots, Mustard Oil, Lavendar Oil, Mentha Oil, Virgin Olive Oil, Lavender Dried Flower, and Broken Rice.
Standards: The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI), MoAFW, which sets trade standards for commodities on e-NAM, has created standards for these 9 commodities, helping farmers get fair prices for the quality of their produce, reducing reliance on middlemen, and boost their bargaining power.

• The platform can be accessed through enam.gov.in.

MoMA & IIT-Palakkad Signed MoU for Skilling Project under PM-VIKAS Scheme
In October 2025, the Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Palakkad, for skilling project under Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme, in Palakkad in Kerala.

• The MoU was signed in the presence of Union Minister of State (MoS) George Kurien, MoMA who attended the event as Chief Guest; along with Dr. Chandra Shekhar Kumar, Secretary of MoMA, Professor A. Seshadri Sekhar, Director of IIT Palakkad, among others.

Key Details of MoU:
Objective: To empower individuals from minority communities in Kerala by equipping them with advanced technical and practical skills in semiconductors, embedded systems and drone technology.
Total Trainees: Under this strategic partnership, IIT Palakkad will train a total of 400 candidates from minority communities in the state.
3 Courses: IIT Palakkad has designed 3 specialized courses: junior chip designer (150 trainers), embedded software engineer (150 trainers) and junior engineer in Drone Research & Development (R&D) (100 trainers).
Key Roles: As per the MoU, MoMA will bear the entire cost of training, while, IIT Palakkad will act as the implementing institution, which will be responsible for executing the training programme.
PM VIKAS Scheme: It is a Central Sector Scheme (CSS) of the Government of India (GoI) to uplift minority communities through skill development and entrepreneurship.

NITI Aayog unveils Study on Roadmap for on AI for Inclusive Societal Development
On October 08, 2025, Union Minister of State(MoS) (Independent Charge, IC) Jayant Chaudhary, Ministry of  Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) and Union MoS ,Ministry of Education (MoE) , along with Suman Bery, Vice Chairperson of  NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog launched NITI Aayog’s Frontier Tech Hub study titled “AI for Inclusive Societal Development”, developed in collaboration with global professional services firm Deloitte.

About the Study:
AI usage: The report marks a pioneering effort to explore how AI and frontier technologies can enhance livelihoods and inclusion for India’s 490 million informal workers the foundation of the nation’s economy.
Key Barriers : The roadmap highlights major systemic challenges, limited access to financial services, inadequate skilling, and insufficient social protection, that restrict the growth of informal sector workers.
Digital Empowerment for Workers: The roadmap proposes a digital system for skill verification, timely payments, and benefits, similar to Unified Payments Interface (UPI’s) ease and security in money transfers.
Mission Digital Shramsetu: To address this, NITI Aayog has proposed Mission Digital ShramSetu, a a 20-year national initiative to make AI accessible, affordable, and beneficial for every worker which seeks to harness technologies like AI, block chain, and immersive learning .

• Four-stage implementation: orientation (2025-26), institution setup (2026-27), pilot projects (by 2029), and national rollout (post-2030).
• Each worker to get a digital ID and wallet displaying verified skills, work history, and entitlements.
• Prime Minister(PM’s) Office, to lead, with teams handling technology, data, policy, and training.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

WHO Report: India, Bangladesh, Nepal on Track to Achieve 30% Tobacco Use Reduction by Year-endIn October 2025, the World Health Organisation (WHO) released the 6th edition of ‘WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Use 2000-2024 and Projections 2025-30’. As per the report, 3 South-East (SE) Asian countries namely, Bangladesh, India and Nepal are on track to achieve at least 30% relative reduction in tobacco use by the end of 2025.

• While, 6 other SE Asian countries: Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic (DPR) of Korea, Maldives, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand, are projected to witness smaller declines in tobacco use.

Global Scenario:
Tobacco Use: The WHO report shows global tobacco users declined from 1.38 billion in 2000 to 1.2 billion in 2024, and is projected to drop by 120 million more by 2025, a 27% relative reduction.
E-Cigarettes & Vape: For the 1st time, WHO has presented estimates of global e-cigarettes use. As per the report, over 100 million people worldwide now use e-cigarettes, of which nearly 86 million are adults, who live in High Income Countries (HICs).

• The report also highlighted that prevalence of e-cigarettes or vape is also common among teenagers, at least 15 million teenagers aged between 13 and 15 years, are already using e-cigarettes.
• The report further projected that children are on average 9 times more likely than adults to vape.

Gender Trends: Women reached the 30% global reduction target by 2020, five years ahead of schedule, with tobacco use falling from 11% (2010) to 6.6% (2024) and female users dropping from 277 million to 206 million.

• In contrast, men who make up over 80% of global tobacco users are not expected to meet the target until 2031, with around 1 billion male users still consuming tobacco.

>>Read Full News

China Commences World’s 1st Solar-Thermal Power Plant in Gobi Desert
In October 2025, China inaugurated the world’s first solar thermal power station, developed by China Three Gorges Corporation, in the Gobi Desert, located in Gansu Province(China).

• This plant features two towers channeling energy into a single turbine, representing a major leap in solar thermal technology.

About World’s 1st solar thermal power station:
Solar Concentration: Around 27,000 mirrors focus sunlight onto two 200-meter(m)-high towers spaced about one kilometre(km) apart.
Heat Storage & Power Generation: The concentrated heat melts and stores energy at up to 570570 degrees Celsius(°C) (1,058 degrees Fahrenheit,°F). , producing steam to drive turbines, enabling electricity generation even after sunset or during cloudy conditions.
Goal: The project supports China’s plan to exceed 1,200 Gigawatt (GW) of wind and solar capacity by 2030.
Global Benchmark: The 700-megawatt(MW) Noor Energy 1 project in the United Arab Emirates(UAE) currently stands as the world’s largest operational solar thermal complex.

BANKING & FINANCE

HSBC India Launches ‘HSBC Innovation Banking’ Platform
On October 9, 2025, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp Ltd(HSBC) India launched “HSBC Innovation Banking” platform in Mumbai, Maharashtra and committed to provide loan of worth USD 1 billion in non-dilutive debt funding to support startups across all stages from seed funding to the preparation of Initial Public Offering (IPO) through the platform, with an aim to the growing technology and venture ecosystem in India.

• The fund enables companies to grow without giving equity, helps founders and investors retain control over their businesses.

Market Access: HSBC leverages over 900 experts worldwide through its global network to help startups access international markets and gain strategic insights.
Global Presence of HSBC Innovation Banking: HSBC Innovation Banking operates across major global innovation and technology hubs, including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Continental Europe, Hong Kong, mainland China, and now India.
Note: Dilip Gopinath has been appointed as the Head of the HSBC Innovation Banking Platform, India.

Pramerica Life Partnered with ESFB to Expand Bancassurance Across 18 States
In October 2025, Pramerica Life Insurance Limited, one of India’s fastest-growing life insurers, entered into a strategic bancassurance partnership with Equitas Small Finance Bank (ESFB) to expand its bancassurance network across 18 states, enhancing access to life insurance nationwide.

Details of Partnership: 
Products: Life, savings, and health-focused plans; Unit Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs) combining investment and insurance benefits.
Implementation: Multi-phased rollout, including urban, semi-urban, and rural markets.
Target Segments: Self-employed, salaried, underserved, and microfinance customers.
Regional Focus: Southern states of Tamil Nadu (TN), Karnataka, and Kerala.
Vision: Supports Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)’s vision of “Insurance for All by 2047.”

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

Air India Partners with STARLUX Airlines to Boost Connectivity Between India & Taiwan
In October 2025, Air India entered into an interline partnership with Taiwan-based STARLUX Airlines, enhancing travel options for passengers across Asia. The agreement enables booking of single-ticket itineraries combining flights of both carriers, offering smoother journeys and coordinated baggage handling.

About the Partnership:
Objective: The partnership aims to simplify travel between India and Taiwan by enabling passengers to book single-ticket itineraries that include flights from both airlines. It also provides through check-in services for passengers and baggage to final destinations.
Connectivity: The collaboration enables passengers to book single-ticket itineraries that combine flights from both airlines, facilitating smoother journeys, coordinated baggage handling, and simplified travel processes.

• As part of the partnership, Air India customers can reach Taipei (Taiwan) via Southeast Asia gateways such as Hong Kong (China), Bangkok (Thailand), Singapore, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), and Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia).

Indian Cities: STARLUX Airlines passengers can connect to Indian cities, including Delhi, Mumbai (Maharashtra), Chennai (Tamil Nadu, TN), and Bengaluru (Karnataka) through shared Southeast Asia gateways.
Access: The bookings can be made through travel agents and will be progressively opened on the website and mobile application of Air India.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Hungarian Author László Krasznahorkai Won Nobel Prize in Literature 2025On 9 October 2025, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 to Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”

• He became the second Hungarian author to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, following Imre Kertész in 2002.

About László Krasznahorkai: 
Distinguished Author: László Krasznahorkai, born in 1954, is a Hungarian novelist and screenwriter, celebrated for his challenging, postmodern works.
Signature Works: Known for Satantango (1985) and The Melancholy of Resistance (1989), his dystopian, melancholic novels have inspired acclaimed film adaptations by Béla Tarr.
About Nobel Prize in Literature:
Total Awards: Between 1901 and 2025, a total of 118 Nobel Prizes in Literature have been awarded to 122 laureates, including 18 women.
Medal Design: The Nobel Prize in Literature medal was designed by Swedish sculptor Erik Lindberg in 1902.
Prize Components: Nobel laureate receives a gold medal, a personal diploma and a cash award
Cash Award 2025: The total cash prize for 2025 is 11 million Swedish kronor (SEK), approximately USD 1.2 million.
>>Read Full News

Forbes India Rich List 2025: Mukesh Ambani Retained Top Position with Net Worth of 105 BillionIn October 2025, Forbes, an American global media company has released the latest edition of Forbes 100 India’s Richest 2025’ List. As per the report, Mukesh Ambani, Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) has retained the top spot as India’s Richest Man with a net worth of USD 105 billion,  marking his 14th consecutive year at the top despite a 12% decline from the previous year.

• Gautam Adani , founder and chairman of Adani Group, has again ranked at 2nd position on the list, with total wealth of USD 92 billion.
• He is followed by Savitri Jindal, the matriarch of OP Jindal Group, has also reclaimed 3rd spot on the list with net worth of USD 40.2 billion.

Key Highlights:
Minimum Net Worth: For year 2025, the minimum net worth to enter the Forbes list decreased marginally from USD 3.3 billion (in 2024) to USD 3.2 billion, which led to the exclusion of 7 billionaires from this year’s list.
Decline in Wealth of India’s Top 100 Richest: As per the Forbes latest list, the cumulative wealth of India’s 100 richest in 2025 declined by 9% or USD 100 billion to USD 1 trillion.

• The report outlined this decrease in wealth was mainly due to a weaker rupee and a 3% drop in the benchmark Sensex since fortunes were last measured.

Other Top 10 Richest Indians: Sunil Bharti Mittal, founder and chairman of Bharti Enterprises, emerged as the biggest gainer on the 2025 list, with his wealth rising by USD 3.5 billion to USD 34.2 billion, moving him up from 7th to 4th position.

• Shiv Nadar, Founder of HCL Technologies ranked at 5th spot (down form 4th spot in 2024) with net worth of USD 33.2 billion.
• He is followed by Radhakishan Damani  & family, founder of Avenue Supermarkets Limited (DMart) (ranked at 6th spot with net worth of USD 28.2 billion); Dilip Shangvi & family of Sun Pharmaceutical Industries (7th with USD 26.3 billion); Bajaj family ( 8th with USD 21.8 billion); Cyrus Poonawalla, Chairman of Serum Institute of India (SII) ( 9th spot with USD 21.4 billion) and Kumar Birla, Chairman of Aditya Birla Group (r 10th spot with 20.6 billion).

>>Read Full News

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

General Ruphin Fortunant Zafisambo Appointed as Madagascar’s PMIn October 2025, Madagascar’s President Andry Rajoelina appointed General Ruphin Fortunat Zafisambo as Madagascar’s new Prime Minister(PM) following the dismissal of the previous government amid rising protests over power outages and water shortages.

• He succeeded Christian Ntsay, who had held the PM post since 2018, and his appointment signals a major leadership shift, with a military officer replacing a civilian politician.

About Ruphin Fortunat Zafisambo:
Early Life: He began his military education at the Antsirabe Military Academy(Madagascar) in 1991.
Career: He began his public service under the High Transitional Authority (HAT) led by Rajoelina after the 2009 crisis.
Previous Service:  He served as Deputy Secretary General of the Government and, in 2020, became Director of the Military Cabinet in the PM’s office, acting as Chief of Military Staff to PM Christian Ntsay until his own appointment as PM in 2025.
About Madagascar:
President- Andry Rajoelina
Capital-Antananarivo
Currency-Malagasy Ariary (MGA)

ENVIRONMENT

Four New Plant Species Discovered in the Western GhatsIn October 2025, a team of researchers led by Professor K. Kotresha from Karnatak Science College, Dharwad (Karnataka), discovered four new plant species such as Zeuxine seetharamii, Oberonia marnkuliensis, Parasopubia gorensis, and Utricularia kumtensis in the Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Zeuxine seetharamii: It belongs to the Orchidaceae (orchid) family and exhibits a distinct arrangement of flowers along its stem, different from most related Zeuxine species.
Oberonia marnkuliensis: It belongs to the Orchidaceae (orchid) family and was discovered in moist, shaded areas of the Western Ghats at Marnkuli Hill in Shivamogga (Karnataka)
Parasopubia gorensis: It belongs to the Genus Parasopubia and thrives in shaded, humid environments that provide the ideal conditions for its growth and reproduction.
Utricularia kumtensis: It belongs to the Lentibulariaceae, a carnivorous plant family, and was discovered in the wet, marshy areas of the Western Ghats. It grows in nutrient-poor, waterlogged soils, typical to its genus, which relies on carnivory to supplement nutrient intake.
>>Read Full News

IMPORTANT DAYS

Indian Air Force Day 2025 – October 8Indian Air Force (IAF) Day, also known as IAF Raising Day, is observed on 8th October across India to commemorate the formation of the IAF on 8 October 1932, originally established as an auxiliary air force under the British Empire.

• 8th October 2025 marks the 93rd anniversary of the IAF Day.
• 2025 Theme:“Indian Air Force – Infallible, Impervious and Precise”,

Background: 
Establishment: The IAF was founded on 8th October 1932 as part of the British Royal Air Force under the name Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF).
Transition: Following India’s independence in 1947, the RIAF was renamed the IAF.
2025 Event:
PARADE :The 93rd anniversary of the IAF day was celebrated at Air Force Station Hindan, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh (UP) on 8th October 2025.
The event was graced by Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of the Indian Armed Forces General Anil Chauhan.
Ceremonial Parade: Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh was honoured with an aerial salute by three Mi-17 1V helicopters flying in the ‘Dhwaj’ formation, carrying the National Flag, IAF Flag, and Operation Sindoor Flag.
Expedition: On October 8, 2025, the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and IAF flagged off a joint scuba diving expedition from Goa, marking 93 years of IAF service to the nation.
>>Read Full News

World Post Day 2025 – October 9The United Nations (UN) observes World Post Day (WPD) annually on 9th October to commemorate the founding of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) in 1874 in Bern, Switzerland.
Theme:
2025 Theme: “#PostForPeople: Local Service. Global Reach”
Focus: This year’s theme highlights postal services as an essential public service, deeply embedded in communities and driven by people.

Background:
Resolution: In 1969, the UPU Congress in Tokyo, Japan, adopted a resolution recommending the observance of UPU Day on 9th October each year to mark the anniversary of the establishment of the UPU.
Renaming : In 1984, the UPU Congress in Hamburg, Germany, officially renamed the observance from UPU Day to WPD.
International Letter-Writing Competition for Young People:
Competition: Organised since 1971, the International Letter-Writing Competition invites children aged 9 to 15 to write “a letter to future generations about the world they hope to inherit.”
2025 Edition: The year 2025 marks the 54th edition of the competition, jointly organised by the UPU in partnership with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

• This year, participants are invited to write “a letter to future generations about the world they hope

Keyfacts:
Financial Inclusion: Over 1.5 billion people, or 28% of adults globally, rely on postal networks for basic financial services like payments, money transfers, and savings.
Global Parcels Market: The global parcels market grew from nearly USD 450 billion in 2018 to over USD 500 billion in 2020.
Insurance Services: Around 53% of post offices worldwide offer insurance to help low-income individuals manage financial instability.
Global Network: With 650,000+ offices and 5.3 million staff, the Post delivers services to anyone, anywhere, supported by government mandates.
About Universal Postal Union(UPU):
It is the world’s second-oldest international organization after the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). UPU became a UN specialized agency on 1st July 1948.
Director General(DG)– Masahiko Metoki
Headquartered– Bern, Switzerland
Established– 1874
Member countries– 192

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