Current Affairs 30 September 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

MoSPI Released ‘Children in India 2025’ Publication AnalyticsIn September 2025, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India (GoI) released the 4th edition of the publication titled ‘Children in India 2025’ during the 29th Conference of Central and State Statistical Organizations (CoCSSO) in Union Territory (UT) Chandigarh.

• The latest publication provides comprehensive insights of the well-being of children in the country.

About Children in India Report:
Annual Publication: Since 2008, MoSPI has been publishing an ad-hoc publication titled ‘Children in India’.
IMR: The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has sharply decreased from 44 (in 2011) to 25 deaths per 1,000 live births (in 2023).

• While, IMR for Males and Females in 2023 stood at 26 and 25, respectively.

Birth Rate: As per SRS data released by the Office of the Registrar General of India (O/o RGI) under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), India’s birth rate has decreased from 19.1 (in 2022) to 18.4 per 1,000 population (in 2023).
Increase in Adoptions: As per the report, the total number of children adopted increased from 3,927 (in 2017-18) to 4,515 (in 2024-25).
About Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementaion (MoSPI):
Minister of State (MoS)(Independent Charge, IC) – Rao Inderjit Singh (Constituency- Gurugram, Haryana)
>>Read Full News

MoSPI Releases “Environmental Accounting on Forest – 2025”: India’s Forest Cover Rose by 17,444.61 sq. kmIn September 2025, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) compiled and released the 8th edition of its environmental-accounts report titled “Environment Accounting on Forest-2025”, the first dedicated report on forest accounting during the 29th Conference of Central and State Statistical Organizations (CoCSSO) held in Chandigarh.

• India’s forest cover grew by 17,444.61 Square Kilometre (sq. km), reaching 7.15 lakh sq. km (21.76% of geographical area) from 2010-11 to 2021-22.

Highlights of the Report:
Physical Asset Account: As per the report, from 2010-11 to 2021-22, forest cover grew in states such as Kerala by 4,137 sq.km, Karnataka (3,122 sq. km), and Tamil Nadu (TN) (2,606 sq. km)
Extent Account: India’s forest extent account recorded a net increase of 3,356 sq. km between 2013 and 2023, mainly due to reclassification and boundary adjustments.

• The RFA of states such as Uttarakhand grew by 6.3%, Odisha (1.97%), and Jharkhand (1.9%), with total RFA increased slightly from 23.48% to 23.59%.

About the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI):
Minister of State (MoS) (Independent Charge, IC) – Rao Inderjit Singh (Constituency – Gurgaon, Haryana)
>>Read Full News

Himachal Pradesh’s cold desert biosphere reserve gets UNESCO tag, India count now 13In September 2025, the 37th Session of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) International Coordinating Council for the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme was held in Paris, France.

• During this session, India’s Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve (CDBR), Himachal Pradesh (HP) was included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR).

India specific Key Highlights:
Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve: The Cold Desert becomes India’s 13th biosphere reserve to enter the UNESCO WNBR.

• The reserve spans 7,770 sq.km (square kilometre) across HP’s Lahaul-Spiti district.

Ramsar Sites: India also added two new Ramsar sites from Bihar, Gokul Jalashay (448 hectare (ha)) in Buxar district and Udaipur Jheel (319 ha) in West Champaran district of Bihar.

• With 93 Ramsar sites spanning 13,60,719 ha, India is 1st in Asia in terms of the number of sites and 3rd in the world overall after the UK (176) and Mexico (144).

>>Read Full News

PM Narendra Modi Lays Foundation Stone, Inaugurates Projects Worth Rs.60,000 Crores in Jharsuguda, OdishaOn September 27, 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone and inaugurated multiple development projects worth more than Rs.60,000 crores in sectors such as railways, education, healthcare, skill development, and housing, in Jharsuguda, Odisha.
Railway sector:
Rail line works: Inaugurated and dedicated the doubling of the Koraput (Odisha)- Baiguda (Odisha) line, and the Manabur(Odisha)-Korapur-Gorapur (Andhra Pradesh, AP) line.
Amrit Bharat Express: PM Modi flagged off 1700-Kilometre (Km) Amrit Bharat Express connecting Brahmapur (Odisha) and Udhna (Gujarat) in Odisha.
Education sector:
IIT Expansion: Virtually laid the foundation stones for the expansion of eight Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), valued at Rs.11,000 crores in Tirupati (AP), Palakkad (Kerala), Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir, J&K), Dharwad (Karnataka), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Patna (Bihar), and Indore (Madhya Pradesh, MP).
MERITE Scheme: Launched Multidisciplinary Education and Research Improvement in Technical Education (MERITE) scheme, a Central Sector Scheme (CSS) in Odisha
Skill Development: Launched Odisha Skill Development Project Phase II, under which World Skill Centres will be established in Sambalpur and Berhampur.
About Odisha:
Chief Minister (CM) – Mohan Charan Majhi
Governor – Hari Babu Kambhampati
Capital – Bhubaneshwar
Tiger Reserve (TR) – Similipal TR, Satkosia TR
>>Read Full News

PM Narendra Modi Inaugurated BSNL’s Swadeshi 4G Network in OdishaIn September 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated Bharat Sanchar Network Limited (BSNL)’s ‘Swadeshi’ 4G (4th Generation) Network on the occasion of Silver Jubilee (25th) of BSNL in Jharsuguda, Odisha.

• Following this launch, India now enters into a league of nations such as Denmark, Sweden, South Korea, and China that develops homegrown telecom equipment.

About BSNL’s Indigenous 4G Stack:
Technology Partners: The network features Radio Access Network (RAN) provided by Tejas Network, Core-network developed by Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DoT) under the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications (MoC), and Systems Integration was done by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS).

• While, BSNL is entrusted with the responsibility for deployment of indigenous 4G network across India.

Design Approach: The network is fully-software driven, cloud-based architecture, which ensures seamless transition to 5G and is in line with Bharat 6G Vision 2030.
Commissioning of 4G Mobile Towers: During the event, PM also commissioned over 97,500 mobile 4G towers constructed at a cost of around Rs 37,000 crore with indigenous technology.

• These 4G mobile towers also include 92,600 4G technology sites of the telecom service provider.

Launch of 100% 4G Saturation Network: PM also launched India’s100% 4G saturation network through DBN. Under this new saturation network, 29,000 to 30,000 villages are connected in a mission-mode project.
About Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL):
Chairman and Managing Director (CMD)- A. Robert Jerard Ravi
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Established- 2000
>>Read Full News

3rd ‘Unmesha: International Literature Festival’ Held in Patna, Bihar
The 3rd edition of the “Unmesha: International Literature Festival”, organized by Sahitya Akademi, in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture, Government of India (GOI), and the Government of Bihar, was held at the Samrat Ashok Convention Centre from September 25 to 28, 2025, in Patna, Bihar.

International Literature Festival:
Inaugurations: Governor of Bihar, Arif Mohammed Khan inaugurated the festival on September 25, 2025.
Participants: The event witnessed participation of over 550 writers, poets, scholars, translators, publishers and distinguished personalities from 16 countries in regions such as Africa, East Asia, Europe, and South Asia, and more than 100 languages.
Sessions: The festival featured 90 sessions, including panel discussions, author readings, workshops, and cultural performances.

IAF and IIT Ropar Signed MoU for Indigenous Technology Development
In September 2025, the Maintenance Command of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar, Punjab, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for collaborative developmental projects aimed at supporting the sustenance and operational requirements of IAF.

• The agreement is signed by Air Marshal Vijay Kumar Garg, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Maintenance Command, on behalf of the IAF, and by Professor Rajeev Ahuja, Director, on behalf of IIT Ropar.”

About the MoU between IAF and IIT Ropar: 
Objective: Develop indigenous solutions and advance technology for the maintenance and sustenance of IAF weapon systems by jointly addressing challenges in specialized defence technology areas.
Role of IIT Ropar: Provide consultancy support encompassing advanced research, feasibility studies, and creation of technology demonstrators.
Significance: The partnership advances Atmanirbhar Bharat by fostering self-reliance in critical air power technologies, promoting academia-military collaboration and innovation, and strengthening India’s defence ecosystem while reducing dependence on foreign technology.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Govt appoints Shirish Chandhra Murmu as the Deputy Governor of RBIOn September 29, 2025, The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the appointment of Shirish Chandhra Murmu as the Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for a three year term effective from October 9, 2025.

About the Appointment:
Succession: He will be succeeding Rajeshwar Rao, who is currently the deputy governor in charge of banking regulation and other portfolios whose extended term ends on October 8, 2025
Term: Murmu is appointed for a three-year term, effective from October 9,2025
About Shirish Chandhra Murmu:
Current Service: Currently, he is serving as the Executive Director (ED), overseeing Department of Supervision at the RBI.
Previous Positions: On 8 August 2020, he was appointed as the Comptroller and Auditor General of India and served in office till 20 November 2024. He also served as Lieutenant Governor of Jammu & Kashmir in 2019.
RBI’s deputy governor’s: With his appointment, the RBI’s four deputy governors will be Murmu, T. Rabi Sankar, Swaminathan Janakiraman, and Poonam Gupta.
About Reserve Bank of India (RBI):
Governor- Sanjay Malhotra
Established- April 1, 1935
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra

Mithun Manhas Elected as 37th BCCI PresidentOn September 28, 2025, Mithun Manas, former Delhi Cricket Captain, was elected as the 37th President of the Board of  Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) at its 94th Annual General Meeting (AGM) in Mumbai, Maharashtra. 

• He succeeded former India all-rounder Roger Binny, who had stepped down in August 2025.

About Mithun Manas:
Domestic Career: He played 157 First-Class, 130 List A and 91 T20 matches in his domestic career from 1997-98 to 2016-17.
Captaincy: He captained the Delhi team to a Ranji Trophy title during the 2007-08 season
Coaching and Administration: He served as an assistant coach for several high-profile Indian Premier League (IPL) franchises, including the Punjak Kings, Royal Challengers Bengaluru, and Gujarat Titans.

• He has worked as Director of Cricket for the Jammu and Kashmir Cricket Association.

Specialty: He is  the third consecutive former cricketer to become BCCI president, after Sourav Ganguly and Roger Binny.
 
About Other Appointments:
The AGM also confirmed other office bearers and new appointments across various committees
Vice-President:  Rajeev Shukla continues in his role, having served in an interim capacity after Binny’s departure.
Secretary: Devajit Saikia (retained position)
Joint Secretary: Prabhatej Singh Bhatia
Treasurer:  A. Raghuram Bhat (former Karnataka and India spinner)
Apex Council: Jaydev Shah, President of the Saurashtra Cricket Association, was elected as an Apex Council member.
Women’s Premier League (WPL): Jayesh George, President of the Kerala Cricket Association, was elected as the Chairman of the WPL committee.
Women’s Selection Committee: Former India batter Amita Sharma was appointed as the Chief Selector.
Men’s Selection Committee: Former India bowlers Pragyan Ojha (left-arm spinner) and RP Singh (pacer) were appointed as members.
Junior Men’s Selection Committee: S Sharath was appointed as the Chairman.
About Board of Control for Cricket In India (BCCI):
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Hemang Amin
Established – 1928
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

CSIR-AMPRI’s Indigenously Developed SODAR System Inaugurated at IMD Delhi
In September 2025, Sound Detection and Ranging (SODAR) system facility, indigenously designed and developed by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal), was inaugurated at Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Delhi.

• The new system facility was inaugurated by Dr. Ravichandran, Secretary of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), along with Dr. Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Director General (DG) of Meteorology, IMD; and Prof. Dr. Thallada Baskar, Director of CSIR-AMPRI, on the occasion 84th foundation day of CSIR (on September 26, 2025).

MoU between IMD and CSIR-AMPRI:
Signatories: During the event, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was exchanged between Dr. Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, DG of Meteorology (IMD) and Prof. Dr. Thallada Bhaskar, Director of CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal.
Objective: The MoU aims to enhance collaborative research work between both entities in the field of climate and environmental studies.

ENVIRONMENT

New Species of Finless Snake eel Named After Kanniyakumari
In September 2025, a group of researchers from the Centre for Peninsular Aquatic Genetic Resources (PAGR) Kochi, the regional centre of Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBFGR) have discovered a new species of finless snake eel off the Colachel coast in Kanniyakumari district, Tamil Nadu (TN), thereby bringing the total number of eel species reported from the Indian coast to 16.

• The new eel species is named ‘Apterichtus Kanniyakumari’ after Kanniyakumari to honour the districts’s cultural, linguistic, historical and geographical significance.

About  Apterichtus Kanniyakumari:
Classification: The newly discovered eel species belongs to ‘Apterichtus’ group.
Publication: The discovery of new species of finless snake eel has been published in the latest issue of globally renowned peer-reviewed journal ‘Zootaxa’.
Characteristics: The new species exhibits some unique features which distinguishes it from previously known eel species such as: head length 9.6-9.7% of Total Length (TL), tail length 1.8-1.9% of TL and body depth at gill openings 42.1-54.8% of TL.
Specifications: Some of the other features of new eel are: 3 preopercular and 9 supratemporal pores, conical uniserial teeth on jaws and vomers, unique golden-yellow body colouration, among others.

SPORTS

17th Asia Cup 2025 – India Wins Defeating PakistanIndia clinched the Asia Cup 2025 for a record-extending Ninth time, defeating Pakistan in the Finals held at Dubai International Stadium, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

• The 17th edition of the Asia Cup was set to host by India, but later it was shifted to UAE, with 11 matched being held in Dubai International Cricket Stadium and 8 matches held in Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium between September 9 to 28, 2025.

Highlights of Asia Cup 2025:
Participation: The tournament featured eight teams, with five full members of the Asian Cricket Council (ACC), with Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and three teams (UAE, Oman, Hong Kong) which finished top three in 2024 ACC Men’s Premier Cup.
Successful Team: With nine titles (seven ODI and two T20I), India becomes the most successful team in the history of tournament. Where Sri Lanka is the second most successful team with six titles and Pakistan have won two.
Awards & Prizes:
Tournament Champions: Team Indian earned a prize pool of USD 300,000 (Approximately Rs. 2.6 Crores), a 50% increase from the 2023 edition.
About Asia Cup:
Inception Year– The Asia Cup cricket tournament commenced in 1984, headquartered in UAE.
Next Edition: Scheduled to be held in 2027 and will be hosted by Bangladesh.

• Asia cup 2027 will be in the ODI format.

>>Read Full News

India Wins 10th Edition of 2025 SAFF Under-17 Men’s Football Championship Title
The 10th edition of the SAFF Under-17 Men’s Football Championship 2025 was held from September 20 to 27 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. After a week of intense competition among South Asian teams, India’s Under-17 team emerged victorious by defeating Bangladesh in the final on September 27, 2025.

• The final match ended in a 2-2 draw, with India clinching the title 4-1 in the penalty shootout at the Racecourse International Stadium. With this victory, India secured their seventh SAFF U-17 title.

About 2025 SAFF U-17 Men’s Championship:
Participating Teams: The 2025 SAFF Under-17 Men’s Championship featured seven teams, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, competing in a round-robin format to decide the winners.
Regulation Time: India and Bangladesh ended 2-2, with goals from Dallamuon Gangte and Azlaan Shah KH for India, and Md Manik and Ihsan Habib Riduan for Bangladesh.
Indian Coach: With this triumph, Bibiano Fernandes secures his fifth SAFF title as India’s head coach.
Penalty Shootout: India dominated the shootout, converting all four penalties, while Bangladesh scored only once, resulting in a 4-1 victory for India.
Tournament Awards:

• Fair Play Award: India
• Highest Goal Scorer: Md Abdullah (Pakistan) – 6 goals
• Most Valuable Player: Nazmul Huda Faysal (Bangladesh)
• Best Goalkeeper: Md Alif Rahman Imtiage (Bangladesh)
• Player of the Final: Ihsan Habib Riduan (Bangladesh)

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Deaf Day- September 28, 2025The United Nations(UN’s) International Day of Deaf is observed every year across the world on last Sunday of September-this year, it is September 28 to support the deaf community worldwide, raising awareness of the challenge they face on a daily basis while recognizing their need for a safe space in society.

• It also coincides with International Day of Sign Languages and International week of Deaf from September 22 to 28, 2025

Part of: The International Week of Deaf People (September 22-28, 2025)
Origin: WFD group was founded in 1951 to promote equality and better living conditions for deaf communities all over the world.
Adoption: World Deaf Day began is a special event to support the rights of deaf people. It was started by the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) 
First Celebration:  World Deaf Day was celebrated on 1958 by WFD.
Significance: Its significance lies in raising awareness about deaf culture, promoting understanding of the challenges deaf people face, and advocating for their rights, including access to sign language, education, and other resources
Symbol: A global symbol of this community is the Deaf Flag, a design by artist Arnaud Balard featuring a blue field for the community, yellow for life, and dark blue for the planet, which was introduced by WFD
About World Federation of the Deaf (WFD):
President- Joseph Murray
Headquarters – Helsinki, Finland
Established – 1951

International Day for Universal Access to Information 2025 – September 28The United Nations (UN’s) International Day for Universal Access to Information (IDUAI) is annually observed across the globe on 28th September to raise awareness about strengthening and implementing information laws.

• 28th September 2025 marks the 6th observance of UN’s IDUAI.
• The theme of IDUAI 2025 is “Ensuring Access to Environmental Information in the Digital Age”.

Background:
Adoption by UNESCO: In 2015, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) General Conference adopted Resolution 38 C/57, officially proclaiming 28 September each year as the IDUAI.
UNESCO Commemoration: From 2016 onward, UNESCO has been marking the day by hosting a Global Conference along with various national events worldwide.
UNGA Recognition: On 15 October 2019, during its 74th session, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted Resolution A/RES/74/5, formally declaring 28 September as IDUAI in recognition of its importance for development, democracy, and equality.
First UN Observation: The first official UN observance of IDUAI took place on 28 September 2020.
2025 Events: 
On 29–30 September 2025, Manila, Philippines hosted the IDUAI, organized by UNESCO in partnership with the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.
On 28 September 2025, the UNESCO Information For All Programme (IFAP) Working Group on Information Accessibility (WGIA) hosted its sixth one-day online AI4IA (Artificial Intelligence for Information Accessibility) Conference in commemoration of the IDUAI.
About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation(UNESCO):
Director-General (DG)– Audrey Azoulay
Headquarters– Paris, France
Member Nations– 194
Established-1945
>>Read Full News

International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste – September 29, 2025The International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste (IDAFLW) is observed annually on 29 September to highlight the urgency of reducing food loss and waste (FLW) globally.

• The year 2025 marks the sixth observance of IDAFLW. It is jointly organised by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Background of IDAFLW:
Adoption: The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on 19 December 2019 through resolution A/RES/74/209 adopted the day.
Significance: The resolution recognizes the fundamental role of sustainable food production in promoting food security and nutrition globally.
First Observance: The first IDAFLW was observed on 29th September 2020.
Call for 2025:
Objectives: The main aim for 2025 is expansion and strengthening of stakeholder efforts to reduce food loss and waste, it focusses on the following goals,
Encouraging all stakeholder: From farmers and food industries to consumers and policymakers—to work together to reduce food loss and waste.

• Promoting innovative solutions that maximize usage and prevent waste across supply chains.
• Securing financing for transforming food systems to be more efficient, inclusive, and resilient.

Global Targets & SDG Tie-Ins:
Targets: IDAFLW is deeply connected with Target 12.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),

• “By 2030, halve per-capita global food waste at retail and consumer levels, and reduce food losses along production and supply chains including post-harvest losses.”

India Specific Situation:
Statistics: Indian households generate about 78.2 million tonnes of food waste annually, averaging 55 kg per person per year.
Contribution: India’s wastage contributes significantly to environmental harm, as food loss and waste together are estimated to cause 8-10% of global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions.
2025 Event:
Titled as ‘Official Celebrations of the International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste 2025’, the event is organized by UNEP and FAO on September 29, 2025.
About United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP):
Executive Director: Inger Anderson
Headquarters: Nairobi, Kenya
Formation: June 5, 1972
About Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Director-General: Qu Dongyu
Headquarters: Rome, Italy
Formation: October 16, 1945

STATE NEWS

NJB, JCI, ICAR-CRIJAF, Nagaland Government Sign MoU to Promote Jute & Natural Fibres in Nagaland
On September 26, 2025, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed among National Jute Board (NJB), Jute Corporation of India Limited (JCI), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres (ICAR-CRIJAF), and Agriculture Department of Government of Nagaland in Kohima, Nagaland, to promote jute and natural fibres in Nagaland.

Signatories: The MoU signing was chaired by Wezope Kenye, Agriculture Production Commissioner (APC), Nagaland, in the presence of Sanuzo Nienu, Director, Padmini Singha, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Textiles (MoT), Mahadeb Datta, NJB Head (Technical), Kaushik Rakshit, Director, JCI (Finance).
Duration: The MoU, effective for five years, from 2025-26 to 2030-31, is set to cover eight districts in Nagaland, including Peren, Chumoukedima, Dimapur, Niuland, Wokha, and parts of Mon and Mokochung.
Objectives: The key objectives of the MoU are the expansion of Jute Cultivation, Introduction of New-Age Natural Fibres, Sustainable Agricultural Practices, Farmer Support and Capacity Building.

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