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Current Affairs 11 September 2025

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs 11 September 2025, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2025 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

iDEX-DIO Signs MoU with EdCIL India to Dual-Use Technologies under ASPIRE Programme
In September 2025, the Innovations for Defence Excellence–Defence Innovation Organisation (iDEX-DIO), a flagship initiative of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with EdCIL (India) Limited, a Mini Ratna Category-I Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Ministry of Education (MoE) in New Delhi, Delhi.

  • The MoU aims to jointly develop dual-use, cutting-edge technologies under the new Accelerating Strategic Progress in Research and Education(ASPIRE) programme.

Exam Hints:

  • What? MoU Signed
  • Between: iDEX-DIO and EdCIL (India) Limited
  • Signatories: Amit Satija(MoD); Govind Jaiswal(EdCIL)
  • Aim: Develop dual-use, cutting-edge technologies under the new ASPIRE programme
  • Usage: Both military and civilian use

Key Details of Collaboration:
Signatories: The MoU was signed in New Delhi, Delhi by Amit Satija, Joint Secretary (Defence Industries Production – DIP) & Additional Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Defence Innovation Organisation (DIO); and Govind Jaiswal, Joint Secretary (Technical Education, TEL), MoE & Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of EdCIL.
Objective: To extend iDEX’s defence innovation model to civilian sectors by blending defence expertise with emerging educational technology solutions.
Impact: The partnership will accelerate procurement of indigenous products, strengthen the defence ecosystem, and simultaneously benefit the civilian domain.

CIL, NSTFDC Signs MoU to Empower Tribal Students in EMRS
In September 2025, Coal India Limited (CIL), under the Ministry of Coal , signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC), under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), to empower over 30,000 tribal students enrolled across 76 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) across Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh(MP), and Odisha.

  • The agreement was signed at the event held at the National Tribal Research Institute (NTRI) in New Delhi, Delhi, in the presence of Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy, Ministry of Coal, and Union Minister Jual Oram, MoTA.

Exam Hints:

  • What? MoU Signed
  • Between: Coal India Limited and NSTFDC
  • Aim: To empower over 30,000 tribal students enrolled across 76 EMRS
  • States Benifit: Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, MP, and Odisha
  • Fund: Rs.10 crore by CIL
  • Key Initiatives: Digital Access, Career Mentorship, Menstrual Hygiene, Teacher Capacity Building

Key Details of MoU:
Objective: The Project, titled “Empowering Tribal Students through Digital Access, Career Mentorship, Menstrual Hygiene, and Teacher Capacity Building,” focuses on,

  • Digital Access: 1,200 computers, 1,200 UPS, and 110 tablets
  • Career Mentorship: Structured counselling for 6,200 students of Classes 10 & 12
  • Menstrual Hygiene: 420 sanitary pad vending machines and 420 incinerators for girl students
  • Teacher Capacity Building: Training for quality education delivery

Funding & Implementation: CIL has sanctioned Rs.10 crore for the project, which will be implemented by NSTFDC in a time-bound manner.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

India, Sri Lanka Sign MoU to Establish Emergency Care Unit at Mannar, Sri Lanka
On September 9, 2025, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between India and Sri Lanka for the construction of a new Accident and Emergency (A&E) Unit at the District General Hospital in Mannar, Sri Lanka.

Exam Hints:

  • What? MoU signed
  • Entities: India and Sri Lanka
  • Purpose: To establish A&E Unit in Mannar
  • Where? In Mannar (Sri Lanka)
  • Funding: LKR 600 million grant from India

Key Details of MoU:
Signatories: The MoU was signed by Santosh Jha, High Commissioner of India to Sri Lanka, and Dr. Anil Jasinghe, Secretary, Ministry of Health and Mass Media, Sri Lanka.
A&E Unit Project: The two-storey A&E unit will be constructed to provide advanced emergency and trauma care services, including facilities for critical care, quick medical response, and specialized treatment for accident and disaster victims.
Support by India: The project is backed by a grant of Sri Lankan rupee(LKR) 600 million (approximately Rs.15.5 crore) from the Government of India(GoI).

BANKING & FINANCE

Sebi notifies easier delisting rules for PSU & revises InvITs norms, investment to Rs.25 lakhIn September 2025, the market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), introduced special relaxations for Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) in which the government already holds 90% or more equity.

  • The new framework aims to simplify the voluntary delisting process for state-owned companies, ensuring a more practical and efficient approach to their market exit.

Key relaxations: SEBI has provided relaxations from the requirement of a two-thirds threshold for approving delisting by public shareholders and in the mode of computation of the floor price.

  • The traditional reverse book-building (RBB) mechanism has been replaced with a fixed price approach, provided certain valuation conditions are met.

Not Applicable to: The SEBI stated that the new rule applies to PSUs, excluding banks, Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), and insurance companies, where the government holds a 90% or greater stake. 
New Pricing: The PSUs can now delist at a fixed price, provided it is at least 15% above the floor price (FP), regardless of recent trading activity in the stock.
In September 2025, SEBI has issued regulations to reduce the minimum allotment lot size in the primary market for privately placed Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) to Rs. 25 lakh, harmonizing it with the secondary market norms.
Preceding: Earlier, the minimum allotment lot for privately placed InvITs in the primary market was either Rs. 1 crore(cr) or Rs. 25 cr, based on the asset composition.
>>Read Full News

BoB unveils ‘bob Aspire’ for NRIs to open NRE Accounts in India Pre-DepartureIn September 2025, the Bank of Baroda (BoB), India’s leading Public Sector Banks(PSB), has introduced the ‘bob Aspire NRE (Non-Resident External) Savings Account’, a tailored savings product for Indian citizens preparing to move abroad for extended stays.

  • This account allows individuals to conveniently open an NRE savings account while still in India, simplifying the transition to non-resident banking status.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Launch of BoB Aspire NRE Savings account &  BoB Earth Circular Economy Scheme
  • BoB Aspire NRE Savings account :
  • Launched by: Bank of Baroda
  • Key Features: QAB – Rs. 10,000, exempt from IT, No min balance charges
  • BoB Earth Circular Economy Scheme
  • Launched by: BoB and SIDBI
  • Purpose? To empower MSMEs
  • Key Features: 25% subsidy& Collateral-free loans

Key Highlights:
Inoperative mode: The account will be opened in inoperative mode and becomes fully operational upon submission of overseas address proof and copy of Passport with immigration stamp confirming their NRI status.
Key Features: No minimum balance charges for the first two quarters; thereafter, a Quarterly Average Balance (QAB) of Rs.10,000 applies, with no upper limit on the account balance.

  • Income earned in the account is exempt from Income Tax (IT) and balances are exempt from wealth tax.
  • Customised Debit Card with Airport Lounge facility and many more benefits.

BoB partners with SIDBI to launch Scheme for MSEs
In September 2025, the BoB signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) in New Delhi (Delhi), to launch the ‘BoB Earth Circular Economy Scheme (MSE Spice)’ under its Green and Sustainable product category.
Signed by: The MoU was executed by Madhur Kumar, Chief General Manager (CGM), MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) Banking, Co-Lending and Supply Chain Finance (SCF) Department, BoB; and R. K. Singh, CGM, Green Climate Finance Vertical, SIDBI.
MSE Spice: The MSE Spice scheme aims to empower Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) to adopt sustainable practices that promote – resource efficiency, enhance competitiveness and contribute towards global sustainability goals.

  • Eligible MSEs can receive a 25% subsidy for investments in green technologies.
  • Loans are available under the Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) framework.
  • Offers relaxed margin requirements to ease credit access and supports investments in sustainable production, energy efficiency, and waste reduction.

About Bank of Baroda (BoB)
Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Dr. Debadatta Chand
Headquarters – Vadodara, Gujarat
Established– 1908
Tagline – India’s International bank

Jio Financial Services Partners with Allianz Europe to Establish AJRL in India
In September 2025, Jio Financial Services Limited (JFSL) executed its Joint Venture (JV) agreement with Allianz Europe B.V., a wholly owned subsidiary of Allianz group, to establish Allianz Jio Reinsurance Limited (AJRL), a Reinsurance (Re) JV, in India, following the regulatory approval from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI).

Exam Hints:

  • What? JV agreement executed
  • Entities: JFSL and Allianz Europe B.V.
  • Purpose: To establish reinsurance JV AJRL in India
  • Shareholding: Equal partnership (50:50)

About Allianz Jio Reinsurance Limited (AJRL):
Incorporation: The Certificate of Incorporation was received from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) via email on September 8, 2025.
Shareholding: JFSL and Allianz Europe B.V. will hold 50% stake each in AJRL. JFSL has invested Rs.2.50 lakhs in the subscription of its 50% stake (25,000 equity shares) at a price of Rs.10 per share.
Benefit: The JV will leverage the Re, commercial portfolios and activities of Allianz in India. It will also benefit from the global expertise of Allianz in pricing, risk selection, and portfolio management.

SIB Launches Digital Loan Against Mutual Funds
On September 9, 2025, South Indian Bank (SIB) announced the launch of Digital Loan Against Mutual Funds (LAMF), a digital loan facility, enabling the customers to avail loans against their Mutual Fund (MF) investments.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Launch of Digital Loan Against Mutual Funds (LAMF)
  • By whom: South Indian Bank(SIB), in partnership with Ark Neo,
  • Maximum loan amount? Up to 50% of equity MF value, up to 70% for debt funds
  • Purpose: To enable customers to pledge their MF as collateral and avail loan.
  • Platform: DhanLAP platform

Digital LAMF Facility:
LTV Ratio: The Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio for Equity MFs is up to 50% of current value and for Debt MFs up to 70% of current value. This feature avoids the need to redeem the MF.
Process: The loan application process is fully digital and paperless. The loan is offered through the DhanLAP platform, in partnership with Ark Neo Financial Services Private Limited (Ark Neo).
Eligibility: Customers, aged between 18 and 75, holding minimum of Rs.1 lakh in MF are eligible. They can apply for the loan by registering and completing Know Your Customer (KYC) through Permanent Account Number (PAN) and Aadhaar.

PhonePe & SIDBI Launched Digital-first Udyam Assist Registration for MSMEs
In September 2025, PhonePe Limited (Formerly PhonePe Private Limited), one of India’s leading fintech companies, in partnership with Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), launched digital-first Udyam generation through the Udyam Assist Platform (UAP) which will facilitate the formalization of Informal Micro Enterprises (IMEs) across the country.

  • This new initiative was launched in the presence of Union Minister Jitan Ram Manjhi, Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MoMSME), along with Y.M. Kumari, Chief General Manager (CGM), SIDBI, during an event held in New Delhi, Delhi.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Launch of Digital-first Udyam Generation
  • Entities: Phonepe & SIDBI
  • Launched where? New Delhi, Delhi
  • Registration Through: Udyam Assist Platform (UAP)
  • Purpose:  Digital-first Udyam Assist registration for informal micro enterprises.

Key Details:
Digital-first Registration Process: The UAP, developed by SIDBI, allows informal micro enterprises to register online effortlessly through PhonePe’s integrated app ecosystem. This enables easier generation of Udyam Registration Numbers and certificates, drastically speeding up the formalization process.
Significance: This newly launched initiative enables IMES to avail wide range of benefits like: access to government schemes and tax benefits, the ability to open business bank accounts, and access to digital payment ecosystem and financial services.
Udyam Assist Certificates: During the launch event, Udyam Certificates were also issued to merchants through it new digital initiative.

  • Since UAP’s inception in January 2023, it had issued over 2.75 crore Udyam Assist Certificates to small businesses, accelerating the formalization of non-Goods and Services Tax (GST) registered MSMEs.

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

Fitch Raised India’s GDP Forecast by 40 bps to 6.9% for FY26In September 2025, American credit rating agency, Fitch Ratings Inc. released its September edition of the Global Economic Outlook (GEO) Report. The report has raised India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) forecast by 40 basis points (bps), to 6.9% for Financial Year 2025-26 (FY26), from its previous estimate of 6.5%.

  • This GDP projection for FY26 is driven by a sharp increase in the service sector, which grew by 9.3% on annual basis, and strong consumption spending from both the private and public sectors.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Release of September edition of the GEO Report
  • Released by: Fitch Ratings Inc.
  • India’s GDP Forecast: 6.9% for FY26
  • Previous Projection: 6.5% (June GEO report)
  • GDP for Next Two FYs: 6.3% (FY27) and 6.2% (FY28)
  • Global Growth Rate: 2.4% (CY25) and 2.3% (CY26)

Key Findings:
GDP Forecast for FY27 & FY28: The agency has further projected that India’s GDP will slow down to 6.3% (in FY27) and to 6.2% (in FY28).
Inflation: The report highlighted that overall India’s Inflation has cooled sharply as headline inflation decreased to 1.6% in July 2025, the lowest since June 2017; while core inflation dropped to below 4% for the 1st time in 6 months.

  • It further noted that decrease in food prices was due to strong monsoon and ample food reserves.
  • The report has projected that a gradual increase in inflation, reaching 3.2% (by the end of 2025) and 4.1% (by the end of 2026).

Global Growth: Fitch has increased the global growth rate by 20 bps, from 2.2% (projected in June 2025) to 2.4% for Calendar Year 2025 (CY25), supported by stronger data from China and the euro zone.

  • However, this global growth rate is still lower than last year’s growth rate of 2.9%.
  • The report has also projected that global growth rate for CY26 at 2.3%.

About Fitch Ratings Inc.:
President- Ian Linnell
Headquarters- New York, the United States of America (USA)
Established- 1914

TCS Partners with CEA to Advance Physical AI Research and Innovation in France
On September 9, 2025, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), a global leader in Information Technology (IT) services, and business solutions, signed a partnership agreement with French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), to accelerate innovation and industrialization of Physical Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered solutions in France.

  • The aim of the partnership is to design and deploy smart, adaptive robots for industries such as manufacturing, logistics, and automation.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Partnership agreement signed
  • Entities: TCS and CEA
  • Purpose: to accelerate Physical AI Research and Innovation in France.
  • What is the focus? Physical AI (robotics + artificial intelligence)
  • Main goal? Industrial innovation and modernization
  • Leverage: Pace Port Innovation Center of TCS in Paris (France)

Acceleration of Physical AI Research:
Physical AI: It is a blend of robotics, AI, and intelligent systems that allows machines to perceive, interpret, and interact with the physical world.
Hub: The partnership uses the Pace Port Innovation Center of TCS in Paris (France) as a hub for prototypes, pilot projects, and training, bringing together startups, researchers, and enterprises.
Key areas of collaboration include:
Versatile Robots: Building robots that can learn and perform different tasks in changing environments.
Human-Robot Collaboration: Developing safe, easy-to-use, and efficient systems for people to work with robots in industries.
Socially Assistive Robots: Designing robots that can interact with and support people, offering personalized help and guidance.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Swachh Vayu Sarveshan Awards 2025: Indore Ranks FirstOn September 9, 2025, Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), conferred best-performing cities under ‘Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2025’, a Clean Air Survey, was conducted in 130 cities under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). Indore (Madhya Pradesh, MP) is ranked as the best-performing city with a score of 200 in Category 1.

  • The awards were conferred at the Sawchh Vayu Sarvekshan Awards & Wetland Cities Recognition Ceremony 2025, organized by MoEF&CC in New Delhi, Delhi.

Highlights of the Event:
Releases: During the event, the Ward-Level Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan Guidelines and a Compendium of Best Practices under NCAP were released.
Wetland Recognition: During the event, Indore and Udaipur were recognised as Wetland Cities under the Ramsar Convention. Certificates from the Ramsar Secretariat were presented to the Mayors and District Collectors of these cities.
Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan Awards 2025:
Recognition: The awards recognized 11 best-performing cities across three categories from the 130 NCAP cities for exhibiting their commitment and innovation in advancing the mission of clean air.
Rankings: In the Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan Awards 2025, Indore, Amravati, and Dewas secured 1st rank in their respective categories of cities with populations over 10 lakh, 3–10 lakh, and below 3 lakh.

  • Out of the 11 cities, 3 cities are from MP, Uttar Pradesh (UP) (3), Himachal Pradesh (HP) (1), Gujarat (1), Rajasthan (1), Odisha (1), and Andhra Pradesh (AP) (1).
  • Moradabad (UP) and Agra (UP) were awarded for the third time, Indore, Surat (Gujarat), Jhansi (UP), Dewas (MP), Parwanoo (HP), and Angul (Odisha) won for the second time. Alwar (Rajasthan) won for the first time.

>>Read Full News

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

SEBI Appointed ‘Injeti Srinivas’ as Chairperson of NSEOn 9th September 2025, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) approved the appointment of Injeti Srinivas, retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer (1983 batch, Odisha cadre), as the Chairperson of the Governing Board of National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE).

  • He succeeds Girish Chandra Chaturvedi, whose tenure was completed in 2024, filling the long-standing chairperson vacancy at NSE after nearly two years.
  • The appointment comes at a crucial time as the exchange prepares for its long-awaited initial public offering (IPO).

About Injeti Srinivas:
Chairperson of IFSCA: He served as the founding Chairperson of the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) from July 2020 to July 2023, where he played a key role in building it into a world-class unified regulator for international financial services.
Secretary of MoCA: As Union Secretary, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MoCA)(2017–2020), he played a pivotal role in implementing the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).

  • He was an ex-officio member of SEBI during his tenure as Secretary, MoCA.

Union Sports Secretary: He served as Union Sports Secretary and Director General (DG) of the Sports Authority of India (SAI), where he conceptualised the ‘Khelo India’ programme.
About National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE):
Managing Director (MD) & Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Ashishkumar Chauhan
Headquarters– Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established – 1992
>>Read Full News

France President Emmanuel Macron Appoints Sebastien Lecornu as New PMOn September 9, 2025, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, appointed Sebastien Lecornu, former Defence Minister, as new Prime Minister (PM), succeeding François Bayrou, who resigned following a failed confidence vote in the National Assembly.

  • At 39, Sebastien Lecornu became the youngest person ever to assume the office of PM in France.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Appointment of PM of France
  • Appointer: France President Emmanuel Macron
  • Prime Minister: Sebastian Lecornu
  • Significance: Youngest PM in French history.
  • Predecessor: François Bayrou

About Sebastien Lecornu:
Early Political Roles: Sébastien Lecornu started his political career in 2002 by joining the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). He was also the youngest government adviser under then-President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2008, appointed at the age of 22.

  • From 2009 to 2012, he was an advisor to Bruno Le Maire, the then Minister of Agriculture.
  • In 2014, he was elected Mayor of Vernon and became the President of the Eure Department Council from 2015 to 2017.

Ministry Roles: He served as Secretary of State for Ecological and Inclusive Transition (2017–2018), Minister for Local Authorities (2018–2020), Minister for the Overseas (2020–2022), and Minister of the Armed Forces (2022–2025).
Political Shift: He left the conservative Les Républicains party to join Macron’s centrist movement in 2017 and later managed Macron’s re-election campaign in 2022.
Awards:He has been honored as Knight of the Order of Agricultural Merit , Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters, Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of Germany, and Commander of the National Order of the Lion.
About France:
President – Emmanuel Macron
Capital – Paris
Currency – Euro, EUR

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ICEYE Launched High-Performance ‘Gen4 Satellite’ for Commercial Operations
In September 2025, Finland’s ICEYE, a global leader in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite operations, announced the launch of its 4th –Generation ‘Gen4’ satellite that is now available for commercial operations.

  • These satellites set a new performance standard in the SAR industry by delivering the world’s highest-fidelity commercial SAR imagery, with resolutions up to 16 centimeter(cm) and an expanded high-resolution coverage area of 400 kilometer(km).

Exam Hints:

  • What? Launch of Satellite
  • Name: Gen4
  • Launched by: ICEYE
  • Significance: World’s highest-fidelity commercial SAR imagery (up to16 cm resolution)
  • Image Capturing Capacity: Maximum 500 per Day

About Gen4 Satellite:
Background: In March 2025, the 1st wave of Gen4 satellites was launched as part of the SpaceXTR13 mission.
Maximum Images per Day: Each Gen4 satellite can capture maximum500 images daily, with up to half concentrate within a 2,000 km-wide region per orbit.

  • Also, imaging and downlink can occur simultaneously at maximum 700 Mbps, which enables tasking, acquisition, and delivery within the same pass for real-time monitoring.

Artificial Intelligence Integration: The Gen4 imagery boosts ICEYE’s Detect & Classify product, which uses AI to automatically identify vessels, aircraft, and vehicles with over 90% accuracy. This capability supports governments and national customers, offered as fully sovereign solutions exempt from International Traffic in Arms Regulations(ITAR) restrictions.
Applications: Gen4 is designed for large-scale deployment and operations in large constellations. Its higher imaging throughput increases the per-pass image count, which can be used in defence sector.

  • The satellite features a larger and more powerful antenna, which expands high-resolution imaging coverage by 250% i.e. from 150 km to 400 km.

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Day to Protect Education from Attack 2025 – 9 September The United Nations (UN) observes 9 September annually as the International Day to Protect Education from Attack to raise awareness about safeguarding education in conflict zones.

  • 9 September 2025 marks the 6th International Day to Protect Education from Attack.

Exam Hints:

  • Event: International Day to Protect Education from Attack 2025
  • When? September 9
  • Edition of 2025: 6th
  • Adoption: UNGA on 28 May 2020
  • First Observed: 9 September 2020
  • Facilitators: UNESCO & UNICEF
  • UNESCO Event: High-level event in Geneva, Switzerland on the theme “Challenging narratives, reshaping action”

Background:
Establishment: The United Nations General Assembly(UNGA) proclaimed 9 September as the International Day to Protect Education from Attack through resolution A/RES/74/275, adopted on 28 May 2020. 

  • The resolution was presented by Qatar and co-sponsored by 62 countries.

First Observance:  The first-ever International Day to Protect Education from Attack was observed on 9 September 2020.
Facilitators: Annual observances are facilitated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF).
More than 28,000 students, teachers, and academics were injured, killed, or harmed in such attacks carried out in situations of armed conflict or insecurity.
Key Facts:
UN Report:According to the 2025 UN Secretary-General’s Annual Report on Children And Armed Conflict(CAAC), there was a 44% increase in attacks against schools in 2024 compared to the previous year.
Grave Violations: In 2024, grave violations rose, including rape (↑34%), and child victims of severe violations (↑17%).
Country-wise Cases: The highest cases were reported in Israel & the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Somalia, Nigeria, and Haiti.
2025 Events:
UNESCO Event: To commemorate the International Day to Protect Education from Attack 2025, UNESCO and partners will host a high-level event in Geneva, Switzerland with the theme “Challenging narratives, reshaping action.”

  • These included a dedicated exhibition by Education Above All, entitled “Reshaping Action”, and a Youth Hub Debate hosted by Qatar Debates, both of which took place at the Palais des Nations in Geneva.

Milestones: 2025 marks 25 years of Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) banning child recruitment and 20 years of UN Security Council(UNSC) Resolution 1612 on monitoring violations against children in conflict.
About United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF):
Executive Director(ED)- Catherine M Russell
Headquarters– New York, United States of America (USA)
Established-1946

Himalaya Diwas 2025 – September 9Himalaya Diwas, or Himalaya Day, is observed annually across India on 9 September to highlight the significance of the Himalayan mountain range and its ecosystem.

  • 9 September 2025 marks the 16th edition of Himalaya Diwas.

Background:
First Observance: Himalaya Diwas was first observed in Uttarakhand in 2010 as an initiative of a group of environmentalists including Sunderlal Bahuguna, Anil Prakash Joshi, and Radha Behen.
Official Declaration: In 2014, Harish Rawat, then Chief Minister (CM) of Uttarakhand, officially declared 9 September as ‘Himalaya Diwas’.

  • The first state-recognized observance of Himalaya Diwas was held on 9 September 2015.

About the Himalayas:
Name: The name “Himalayas” comes from Sanskrit: “Hima” means snow and “Alaya” means dwelling, indicating the mountains are snow-covered.
Location: It is a spectacular mountain range located in the subtropical high-pressure belt of the Earth.
Territories Covered: The Himalayas span parts of 8 South Asian territories: Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar (Burma).
IHR: Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) spreads across 13 Indian States/Union Territories (UTs), stretching 2,500 kilometers (km) in length.
>>Read Full News

World EV Day 2025 – September 9World Electric Vehicle (EV) Day, commonly known as World EV Day, is observed annually on September 9, is the largest global campaign promoting electric mobility.

  • The 2025 edition marks its sixth year, focusing on the theme “The Better Manifesto” to emphasize the superiority of EVs in driving experience, cost savings, and environmental sustainability.

Exam Hints:

  • What? World EV Day 2025
  • When? September 9 (annually)
  • 2025 Theme: The Better Manifesto
  • Founder: Ade Thomas, (Green.TV Media, UK); Partner: ABB Group (Switzerland)
  • First Observance: September 09, 2025
  • India’s Initiatives (2025): EV Testing Facility (Delhi), Madhya Pradesh EV Policy, Tata Mega Charging Hub (Mumbai).

Background:
Founded: In 2020 by Ade Thomas of Green.TV, a media company from United Kingdom (UK), in partnership with Asea Brown Boveri (ABB), a Switzerland-based global technology company, founded World EV Day.

  • The first edition of the World EV Day is observed on September 9, 2020.

Objective: World EV Day unites governments, companies, policymakers, and individuals to accelerate the shift towards a decarbonised transport system.
Global reach: In 2023, the campaign achieved over 200 million impressions across 119 countries, with global brands like Ford, Nissan, Tata, ABB, Volvo Trucks, and FedEx participating.
National Initiatives in India
EV Testing Facility: On september 10, 2025, Union Minister Pralhad Joshi inaugurates a state-of-the-art EV Testing Facility at Alipore Regional Laboratory, Kolkata.

  • The facility tests EV batteries and components, focusing on Eastern India’s EV ecosystem, enhancing National Test House (NTH) capabilities, reduces import dependency, and establishes India’s leadership in global EV testing and certification infrastructure.

State Policy: Madhya Pradesh(MP) formulated a dedicated EV policy, aiming to support national manufacturing targets, aligning with India’s goal of decarbonized mobility.

  • Karnataka is the India’s first state to implement EV policy in 2017.

EV Charging Infrastructure: Tata Power and Tata Passenger Electric Mobility launched TATA.ev India’s largest fast-charging hub near Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai, Maharashtra..

  • Facility details: 8 fast DC (Direct Current) chargers (up to 120 kilo Watt (kW)) with 16 charging bays, powered fully by renewable energy.
  • Expansion: Tata Power currently operates 5,500+ across India, aiming to expand to 10,000 public chargers and 7.5 lakh home chargers by 2030.

STATE NEWS

TN Secures Rs.15,516 Crore Investment with 33 MoUs During CM Stalin’s Germany & UK VisitIn September 2025, Muthuvel Karunanidhi (M.K.) Stalin, Chief Minister (CM) of Tamil Nadu (TN) undertook an 8-day long visit to Germany and the United Kingdom (UK). This visit aimed at bolstering investment partnerships and engaging with international Tamil diaspora.

  • During TN CM Stalin’s visit to UK and Germany, a total of 33 MoUs were signed, which will attract an investment of Rs 15,516 crore and expected to generate 17, 613 job opportunities in TN.

Highlights of TN CM Stalin’s Visit to Germany:
Conclave: During the visit, he attended the ‘TN Rising Germany Investment Conclave’ held in Düsseldorf on September 2, 2025, as part of his European tour.
MoUs Signed : A total of 26 MoUs were signed during the visit, including 23 at the conclave, valued at Rs.7,020 crore and expected to create more than 15,000 jobs in renewable energy, automotive, industrial equipment, R&D, and skill development.
Highlights of TN CM Stalin’s Visit to UK:
Unveiled Portrait of Periyar: On September 4, 2025, he unveiled a portrait of social reformer ‘Periyar’ E.V. Ramaswamy at Oxford University(the UK), marking the 100th anniversary of his Self-Respect Movement for social equality in TN.
Book Release: He also released two books on ‘Periyar’, the 1st book is ‘The Cambridge Companion to Periyar’, edited by A.R. Venkatachalapathy and Karthick Ram Manoharan and published by the Cambridge University Press.

  • While, the name of the 2nd book is ‘The Dravidian Pathway’, authored by Dr. K.R. Venkatesh.

 MoUs Signed: During his visit to London (UK), TN CM Stalin signed 7 MoUs worth investment of Rs 820 crores with various companies across sectors like: defence and aerospace, shipbuilding, Renewable Energy (RE) and textile technology.
>>Read Full News

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