Current Affairs 9 August 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

India Nominates Ancient Buddhist Site ‘Sarnath’ to UNESCO for 2025-26 CycleIn August 2025, Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Ministry of Culture (MoC), Government of India (GOI), has nominated “Sarnath”, an ancient Buddhist site for inscription on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage List for the 2025-26 cycle.

• World Heritage Convention, 1972:  Under the Convention, each State Party can nominate only one site per year for inscription on the World Heritage List. The nomination process takes approximately 1.5 years from the date of submission. The nomination process takes approximately 1.5 years from the date of submission.

About Sarnath:
Location: Sarnath is situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ganga and Varuna in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (UP).
Birth of Buddhism: Gautama Buddha delivered his first religious speech (first sermon) in Sarnath, following the attainment of enlightenment at Bodh Gaya (Bihar), marking the birth of Buddhist community.
Sacred site: It is one of the four most sacred sites for Buddhist community, including Lumbini (Nepal), the birthplace of Buddha; Bodh Gaya, where Buddha attained enlightenment under a sacred Bodhi tree; Sarnath; and Kushinagar (UP), where he died.
About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
Director-General – Audrey Azoulay
Headquarters – Paris, France
Establishment – 16 November 1945
>>Read Full News

Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal Unveiled Digital Maritime Initiatives at IT Conclave 2025On 7th August 2025, Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW), along with Union Minister of State (MoS) Shantanu Thakur, MoPSW, inaugurated the transformative digital Information Technology (IT) initiatives “IT Conclave 2025 – Leveraging Technology in Maritime” in New Delhi (Delhi).

• The event was hosted by the Directorate General of Shipping (DGS) under MoPSW in collaboration with the Company of Master Mariners of India (CMMI).
• Objective: The conclave aimed to showcase digital initiatives that will build a smart, secure, and transparent maritime ecosystem, strengthening India’s position in the global maritime domain.

Initiatives Launched:
Revamped DGS Website: The platform has been upgraded to comply with Guidelines for Indian Government Websites (GIGW) 3.0, featuring a multilingual and mobile-responsive interface to enhance accessibility for seafarers, shipowners, training institutes, and other maritime stakeholders.
e-Samudra Platform – Phase 1: The cloud-native platform integrates over 60 maritime services, aiming to streamline service delivery and enhance governance within the maritime sector.
Vision Booklet Launch: Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, MoPSW, released a digital roadmap booklet outlining the maritime sector’s technology interventions.
About Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW):
Union Minister – Sarbananda Sonowal (Constituency – Dibrugarh, Assam)
Minister of State (MoS) – Shantanu Thakur (Constituency – Bangaon, West Bengal)
>>Read Full News

NITI Aayog’s AIM and DIBD sign SoI to promote vernacular innovation
In August 2025, the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) of National Institution for Transforming India(NITI Aayog) signed the Statement of Intent (SoI) with the Digital India Bhashini Division (DIBD) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology(MeITY) to foster vernacular innovation and enhance Indian language inclusivity in the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem.

• The SoI was signed between Deepak Bagla, Director of AIM and Amitabh Nag Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of  DIBD, during a meeting in New Delhi, Delhi.

About the initiative:
Purpose: It aims to focus on strategies to integrate Indian language technology into AIM’s nationwide programs.
Initial step: The content from the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Academy on intellectual property rights (IPR) will be translated into multiple Indian languages using DIBD’s advanced AI-powered translation tools.

• It is part of the ongoing collaboration under the Joint Letter of Intent signed between AIM and WIPO.

Key Highlights: This initiative allows access to DIBD tools to startups, innovators, and entrepreneurs in the AIM ecosystem, which enables them to develop, test, and deploy multilingual digital solutions.

• The AIM ecosystem includes Atal Incubation Centres (AICs) and Atal Community Innovation Centres (ACICs), and other grassroots initiatives.

BANKING & FINANCE

AU Small Finance Bank gets RBI approval to become a universal bank In August 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted in-principal approval to AU Small Finance Bank (AU SFB) for transitioning from a SFB to Universal Bank (UB).

• This is the first time after 11 years that an entity has been granted a Universal bank licence by the regulator.

Key Highlights:
Background: The AU SFB received the SFB license in 2015 and commenced its journey as a SFB in April 2017.

• The application for SFB to UB transition was submitted in September 2024, under the RBI’s ‘on-tap’ licensing guidelines and April 2024 framework for the voluntary conversion of SFB to UBs.

Eligibility Criteria for SFB to UB:
Net Worth: SFBs must have a minimum net worth of Rs. 1000 crores.
Status: The bank must have a scheduled status with a satisfactory track record of performance for a minimum period of 5 years.

• The shares of the bank should have been listed on a recognised stock exchange.

Financial Metric: The SFB must maintain a net profit in the last two financial years (FYs). AUSFB reported a rise in first quarter net profit. The net profit is Rs 581 crore. It was Rs 503 crore last year.

• They must have Gross Non Performing Asset (GNPA) and Net NPA of less than or equal to 3% and 1% respectively in the last two FYs.
• It should meet the prescribed Capital to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) requirements of 15%.

Note* RBI sets up Standing External Advisory Committee (SEAC) headed by MK Jain, will evaluate applications for Universal Banks as well as Small Finance Banks (SFBs).
About AU Small Finance Bank (AU SFB):
Managing Director (MD) & Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Sanjay Agarwal
Headquarters –Jaipur, Rajasthan

IFC Commits USD 150 Mn to HDFC Capital’s H-DREAM FundOn August 7, 2025, Washington D.C. (the United States of America, USA)-based International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, announced a USD 150 million (around Rs. 1,300 crore) anchor equity investment in the H-DREAM Fund (HDFC Capital Development of Real Estate Affordable and Mid-Income Fund). This fund is managed by Mumbai (Maharashtra)-based HDFC Capital Advisors, the real estate private equity arm of HDFC Group, to promote green and affordable housing development across India.

• The total target corpus of the H-DREAM Fund is USD 1 billion, comprising a primary raise of USD 500 million and a greenshoe option of an additional USD 500 million

About IFC, HDFC Capital Collaboration:
Capital Mobilization: IFC’s anchor investment of USD 150 million is expected to mobilize up to USD 850 million in long-term capital from global institutional investors.

• The in-principle commitments of around USD 350 million have been secured from domestic and international institutions as well as Indian family offices.

Objective: The targeted plan is to deliver at least 25,000 green, affordable, and mid-income residential units aligned with international sustainability standards, such as Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies (EDGE).

• The initiative addresses India’s housing shortfall, estimated at 18 million units in Tier-I and Tier-II cities, while prioritising environmental resilience.

Impact: This scalable funding model aims to create jobs, improve urban livability, and set a standard for sustainable urban development

Importance of Greening the Housing Sector

• Globally, the buildings sector accounts for about 33% of total electricity consumption, with residential buildings contributing 24%.

About International Finance Corporation (IFC):
Managing Director (MD) – Makhtar Diop
Headquarters- Washington D.C., the United States of America (USA)
Established- 1956

BoB & FSSAI Signed MoU to Launch Customized Web-based Payment SolutionIn August 2025, Bank of Baroda (BoB), India’s 2nd largest Public Sector Bank (PSB) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) to launch customized web-based payment platform named ‘FSSAI Payment Solution’.

• The MoU was signed between Cdr Sharad Aggarwal, Director of FSSAI and Mini TM, Chief General Manager (CGM) & Zonal Head, New Delhi Zone, BoB, in the presence various senior governments officials.

About FSSAI Payment Solution:
Aim: This strategic partnership is aimed to promote ease of doing business by streamlining the digital payment interface with various stakeholders engaging with FSSAI.
Key Benefits: The platform will simplify and automate the disbursement of grants, vendor payments, and Management Information System (MIS) functionalities.

• The implementation of this Information Technology (IT)-based platform will also enable effective monitoring and seamless control over the nodal accounts, including State Child Accounts and District Sub-Child Accounts.

Role of BoB: It will provide various services, such as personal banking, corporate banking, international banking, small and medium enterprise (SME) banking, rural banking, non-resident Indian (NRI) services and treasury services.
About Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI):
It is a statutory body established under Food Safety and Standards, 2006 under the administrative control of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoH&FW).
Chairperson- Punya Salila Srivastava
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Established- September 05, 2008

DSP Mutual Fund Launches India’s First Flexi Cap Index FundOn August 7, 2025, DSP Mutual Fund, a subsidiary of DSP Group, launched DSP Nifty500 Flexicap Quality 30 Index Fund, India’s first Passive flexicap fund developed in partnership with National Stock Exchange (NSE) which combines quality-only stocks and dynamic market cap allocation based on momentum.

• The fund will replicate the Nifty 500 Flexicap Quality 30 Index. The index picks 30 high-quality stocks 10 each from the Nifty 100 (large-cap), Nifty Midcap 150, and Nifty Smallcap 250 based on quality factors such as return on equity.

Features of the Fund:
Flexi Cap Fund: It is an equity Mutual Fund (MF) that invests across large, mid, and small-cap stocks without fixed allocation limits. It allows the fund managers or the index to shift the investments based on market conditions.

• The fund will adjust its exposure between Small and Mid-Caps (SMID) and large caps to either 33% or 67% every quarter relative to its moving average of 200 days.

Metrics: 10 companies are identified, each from large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap segments, using metrics such as Return on Equity (ROE), debt levels, and earnings growth.

• The index assigns equal weight to each stock within its respective market segment.

Challenges: The fund addresses challenges such as identifying high quality stocks, automating optimal allocation to large, mid and small caps at a low cost.
Passive: Passive fund does not rely on the active decisions of a fund manager.
About DSP Mutual Fund:
Managing Director (MD) & Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Kalpen Parekh
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established – 1996

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

BEML to Set Up Vande Bharat, Amrit Bharat Train Coach Manufacturing Unit in MP
In August 2025, Dr. Mohan Yadav, Chief Minister (CM) of Madhya Pradesh (MP) announced that Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML), Multi-technology Schedule ‘A’ Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Defence (MoD), will manufacture the country’s premium Vande Bharat, Amrit Bharat and metro rail coaches in Goharganj tehsil of Umaria in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh (MP).

About BEML Manufacturing Unit:
Total Cost: The new train coach manufacturing unit will be constructed at the total cost of Rs 1,800 crore under the project named BRAHMA (BEML Rail Hub for Manufacturing).
Annual Production: For the initial phase, BEML will manufacture 125-200 coaches annually and further expected to increase the production capacity to 1,100 coaches annually within 5 years.

Paras Defence Partners with German Firm to Develop Satellite Antenna Technology in India
On August 07 2025, Paras Defence & Space Technologies Limited, India’s leading defence engineering company, has signed a Teaming Agreement with German firm, High Performance Space Structure Systems GmbH (HPS GmbH), a global leader in Large Deployable Antenna Systems, to co-develop and supply deployable antenna reflector subsystems for advanced satellite applications in India.

• The agreement signed between these two entities is for an initial term of 2 years, with possibility for further extension.
• This strategic partnership marks a major step in India’s journey towards self-reliance in space technologies, which aligns with Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi’s ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ vision.

Key Details of the Agreement:
Key Components: The agreement covers the components like: reflector and arm assemblies, Hold-Down Release Mechanisms (HDRMs), deployment electronics, and thermal hardware.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Zomato Roped in Shah Rukh Khan as Brand Ambassador
In August 2025, Zomato, online food delivery platform in India, announced that it has roped in Bollywood Actor and National Film Awardee for 2023, Shah Rukh Khan as its brand ambassador.

• Earlier, He was featured in Zomato’s campaign ‘Fuel Your Hustle’ along with renowned celebrities such as Singer and Music Composer A.R. Rehman; Indian Cricketer Jasprit Bumrah, and Olymic Medalist Mary Kom.

About Shah Rukh Khan:

• Shah Rukh Khan, popularly known as the “King of Bollywood”, is one of India’s most successful and influential film actors, producers, and entrepreneurs.
• He co-owns the IPL franchise Kolkata Knight Riders and has been honoured with the Padma Shri in 2005 in the field of Indian Cinema.
• Known for his versatility, charisma, and exceptional acting skills, he has won numerous awards, including 14 Film fare Awards.

ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Antfin Singapore Divests 1.46% Stake in Eternal for Rs. 4,097 Crores
On August 7, 2025, Antfin Singapore Holding Private Limited (Antfin Singapore), a subsidiary of Ant Group (formerly known as Ant Financial), has sold its 1.46% stake (14.13 crore shares) in Eternal Limited, the parent company of Zomato and Blinkit, for Rs.4,097 crores (approximately USD 612 million), valued at an average price of Rs.289.91 per share, through open-market transactions.

Holdings: Prior to the sale, Antfin held approximately 1.95% stake (18.84 crore shares). With this move, the holdings of Antfin have been reduced to 0.49%.
Eternal: Zomato, founded in 2008, was rebranded to Eternal Limited in March 2025. It includes businesses such as Zomato, food delivery platform; Blinkit, Quick-commerce platform; Hyperpure, supplies high quality ingredients to restaurants, and District; live events and ticketing services.

ENVIRONMENT

ZSI discovers a new marine nematode species in Chilika Lake, Odisha
In August 2025, Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India(ZSI), discovered a new marine nematode species, ‘Admirandus odishaensis,’ in the India’s largest brackish lagoon Chilika Lake, Odisha

• This discovery marks a significant addition to the global diversity of marine nematodes.

About Admirandus odishaensis:
Taxonomy: The newly discovered species comes under the newly established Genus Admirandus of kingdom Animalia.
Nomenclature: The name of the species denotes the type of genus and place of discovery, where ‘Admirandus’ denotes the genus of the species and ‘odishaensis’ denotes Odisha, region of discovery of the species.

• The word ‘Admirandus’ means admirable in Latin, which reflects the distinctive and noteworthy features of the species.

Key Features: This discovery highlights India’s marine biodiversity potential in brackish ecosystems. It is a free-living, non-parasitic, and marine sediment habitat species found along the Odisha coast in India.

OBITUARY

Myanmar’s Former Acting President Myint Swe dies at age of 74On 7 August 2025, Myint Swe, who served as the former Acting President of Myanmar, has passed away at the age of 74 at a military hospital in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, due to prolonged neurological illness.

• He served as the Acting President from 2021 to 2024, following the military coup in Myanmar.

About Myint Swe:
Introduction: Myint Swe, born on 24 May 1951 in Myanmar, was a high-ranking military officer who transitioned into politics and held top administrative roles in the Myanmar government.
Political Career: He served as the First Vice-President of Myanmar from March 2016 and also served as the ceremonial Acting President of Myanmar from February 2021 to July 2024, during the Myanmar military coup d’état of 2021.
About the Myanmar Military Coup:
Overview: In February 2021, the Myanmar Armed Forces(Tatmadaw) conducted a coup d’état to overthrow the elected civil government due to the allegation of electoral fraud in the November 2020 general elections.

• It was followed by the arrest of democratically elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi and other party members.

Current Scenario: The new interim-union government under U Nyo Saw as the 13th Prime Minister (PM) of Myanmar has been formed to end the state of emergency and to manage elections in the country.

• Still, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing will continue to serve as the Acting President and Chief of Myanmar Armed Forces.

About Myanmar:
Acting President- Senior General Min Aung Hlaing
Interim Prime Minister (PM)- U Nyo Saw
Capital- Naypyidaw
Currency- Myanmar Kyat (MMK)

IMPORTANT DAYS

National javelin day 2025 – August 7National Javelin Day is annually observed across India on August 7 to commemorate the remarkable achievement of Neeraj Chopra during the Tokyo Olympics 2020, where he secured the gold medal for India in the javelin throw event.

• 7th August 2025 marks the observance of 4th National Javelin Day.

About National Javelin Day 2025:
Origin: In 2021, the Athletics Federation of India (AFI) declared 7th August of every year as the National Javelin Day, to promote the sport of javelin throw and to acknowledge its significance in athletics.
First Observance: The 1st National Javelin Day was observed on 7th August 2022.
Date Significance: On 7 August 2021, Neeraj Chopra won the Men’s javelin throw gold medal with a throw of 87.58 metres(m) at the Tokyo Olympics 2020, held from 23 July to 8 August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan.

• He became the first Asian athlete to win an Olympic gold medal in the Javelin throw and the second Indian Olympic gold medalist.

>>Read Full News

Nagasaki Day 2025- August 9

Nagasaki Day is annually observed across the globe on 9 August to commemorate the atomic bombing of the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States of America (USA) in 1945, during World War II (WWII – 1939-1945).

• 9 August 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki.

Background:
Inaugural Ceremony: The 1st Nagasaki Day ceremony was held on 9th August 1947, organised by the Government of Japan to promote lasting peace and memorial of the Nagasaki victims of the 1945 atomic bombing.
Memorial Park: Every year on 9th August, the Memorial Service is held at the Peace Statue Plaza, Nagasaki Peace Park, Nagasaki, Japan, to mark the anniversary of the atomic bombing.

• The Memorial Park holds a 10-meter(m)-tall bronze Peace Statue to commemorate the victims of the atomic bombing and to promote global peace.

UN – Exhibition for Peace: From July 11 to August 17 2025, the United Nations University (UNU) hosted an exhibition titled “Exhibition for Peace: 80 Years Since the Hiroshima–Nagasaki Atomic Bombings” at the UNU Headquarters in Tokyo(Japan).
>>Read Full News

Quit India Movement Day 2025– August 08The Quit India Movement Day, also known as August Kranti Diwas, is annually observed across India on August 08 to commemorate the anniversary of Quit India Movement launched on August 08, 1942, a historic movement in India’s struggle for independence from British colonial rule, demanding immediate withdrawal of British forces from the country under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

• August 08 2025 marks the 83rd anniversary of the launch of Quit India Movement Day.

About Quit India Movement:
Failure of Cripps Mission: One of the key factors contributing to the launch of Quit India Movement was the result of the failure of the Cripps Mission in April 1942, which aimed to secure Indian cooperation during World War II (WW2).
Quit India Resolution: The resolution generally referred to as the ‘Quit India’ resolution was proposed by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru and was seconded by Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel.
Passing of Resolution: The resolution was officially ratified at the All India Congress Committee (AICC) meeting held at Gowalia Tank, Bombay, British India( now Mumbai, Maharashtra) on August 08, 1942.
Bharat Chodo Andolan: The movement started on August 09, 1942 following the British responded by arresting all the major leaders including Mahatma Gandhi.
>>Read Full News

STATE NEWS

India’s first Smart Intelligent Village to be in Satnavri, Nagpur
Satnavri, a small village with around 1,800 residents in rural Nagpur, Maharashtra, is set to become India’s first Smart Intelligent Village under a state-backed pilot project approved by Chief Minister(CM) Devendra Fadnavis in June 2025 and it will be ready by August 15.

• This pioneering initiative aims to integrate cutting-edge technologies into rural life, transforming Satnavri into a digitally empowered and self-sustaining model village.

About Smart Intelligent Villages:
Overview: This initiative is brought under the state-sponsored pilot project in collaboration with the Voice of Indian Communication Technology Enterprises (VOICE) and other domestic technology associations.
Place Selection: The Satnavri village, which has a population of 1800 residents, was selected based on the review of the State Administrative board, which includes Divisional commissioner Vijayalakshmi Bidari, District collector Vipin Itankar, and Vinayak Mahamuni, Chief Executive Officer(CEO) of Zilla Parishad.
Features: This initiative integrates cutting-edge technologies into everyday rural life, including drone-assisted farming, smart irrigation, mobile banking, digitised schools, and advanced surveillance systems.

J&K and Maharashtra Conduct First Interstate Agri Trade via eNAM
In August 2025, the first-ever interstate agricultural trade under the National Agriculture Market (eNAM) was successfully conducted between Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) and Maharashtra. A truck carrying 11 metric tonnes of apples and pears from J&K reached the Gultekdi Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) in Pune (Maharashtra).

• This development marks a significant step toward realizing eNAM’s vision of a unified national market for agricultural commodities through digital connectivity and market consolidation across states

eNAM Platform: It is Centralized portal launched by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoA&FW), Government of India (GoI), to connect APMCs nationwide for transparent price discovery, quality assurance, and reduced middlemen interference.
Benefits: Eliminates travel for traders; enables access to GoI-verified merchants pan-India. Real-time transactions replace physical mandi visits, while, farmers gain direct market access.

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