Current Affairs 19 July 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

ASI Declared Mizoram’s ‘Lungphun Ropui’ as Monument of National ImportanceIn July 2025, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) which works under the Ministry of Culture (MoC) has officially declared Lungphun Ropui located in Lianpui village in south-east of Champhai district in Mizoram, as Monument of National Importance (MNI) under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act(AMASR Act, 1958).

• This makes Lianpui the 2nd menhir site in Mizoram to get such recognition after Vangchhia (also known as Kawtchhuah Ropui).
• With this status, ASI plans to enhance the site’s infrastructure by adding fences, paths, restrooms, and drinking water facilities to protect the heritage and boost tourism.

About Lungphun Ropui:
i.The village is named after its founder and Lusei chief, Lianpuia, who reportedly founded the village in early 18th Century.

• The village was initially established at Mualbawk before relocating to its current site.

ii.The site is famous for its mehnirs or ancient carved stone structures are considered important to understanding the cultural and historical roots of the Mizo people.

• These stones feature carvings of human figures, birds, animals, gongs and lizards, which provides information about the cultural practices of the Mizo people before the advent of Christianity.

iii.Currently, this site hosts more than 170 engraved menhirs depicting scenes of warriors, hunting, music, and communal legends.
Points to Note:
i.As of July 2025, there are 3,699 ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains declared as Monuments of National Importance.
ii.Top 5 states with highest number of Monuments of National Importance (as of December 2024): Uttar Pradesh(UP) (743), Karnataka (506), Tamil Nadu (TN) (412), Madhya Pradesh (MP) (291) and Maharashtra (286).
About Archaeological Survey of India (ASI):
Director General (DG)- Yadubir Singh Rawat
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Founded- 1861

DoP Signs MoU with AMFI to Streamline KYC Verification of MF Investors
On July 17, 2025, the Department of Posts (DoP) under the Ministry of Communications (MoC), Government of India(GoI), and the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Mumbai(Maharashtra) to streamline Know Your Customer (KYC) verification for Mutual Fund(MF) investors across India.

• The MoU was signed by Manisha Bansal Badal, General Manager (GM), (Business Development) on behalf of DoP and V.N. Chalasani, Chief Executive, AMFI.

i.The MoU is valid for one year from July 2025 with provision for renewal. It ensures strict adherence to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and includes provisions for data confidentiality and secure handling of investor information
ii.The MoU aims to streamline KYC verification for approximately 24.13 crore MF folios, including 19.04 crore in Equity, Hybrid, and Solution-Oriented Schemes as per AMFI’s June 2025 data.
ii.Under the MoU, the DoP will offer KYC verification and document collection services through its vast network of over 1.64 lakh post offices. The AMFI, representing its member Asset Management Companies (AMCs), will support the initiative to help investors achieve “KYC Validated” status with KYC Registration Agencies (KRAs).
iii.It aims to make investing easier, especially for people in rural and semi-urban areas. The MoU enables postal employees to assist investors in completing KYC forms, verifying and attesting self-attested documents, and transferring them to AMCs.

DGFT Showcases ‘Trade Connect’ ePlatform at 71st IIGF and 16th Toy Biz International Expo in New Delhi, Delhi
In July 2025, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I) showcased its digital initiative “Trade Connect” Electronic(e)-Platform at the two major Business-to-Business(B2B) trade exhibitions 71st India International Garment Fair (IIGF) and the 16th Toy Biz International Expo 2025, held in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The 71st IIGF was inaugurated by the Union Minister of State (MoS) Pabitra Margherita, Ministry of Textiles (MoT), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), on July 01, 2025, at Yashobhoomi Convention Centre in New Delhi.
• The Toy Biz Expo 2025, organised by the Toy Association of India, was held during July 04-07 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

i.Trade Connect ePlatform, an initiative of the DGFT, MoCI, serves as a comprehensive hub of information and services on international trade for all stakeholders.
ii.The platform provides recent and updated information on tariffs, certifications, trade events, eCommerce, and buyers in a simplified manner to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
iii.It also acts as a single window of issuance and validation of preferential and non-preferential certificates of origin through a secured electronic process.

BITS Pilani Announced to Establish India’s First AI-Plus Campus in Amravati, AP
In July 2025, Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chancellor of Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS Pilani) announced the establishment of India’s 1st –of-its kind Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Plus Campus in Amravati, the capital city of Andhra Pradesh (AP).

• The new campus will be established with an investment of over Rs 1,000 crore over a period of 5 years.
• The establishment of the new campus is part of other key initiatives including: upgrade of existing campuses of BITS Pilani under Project Vistaar, announced during the convocation ceremony of BITS Pilani.

i.The newly announced campus will be developed in two phases.

• The 1st phase will support 3,000 students; focus on core academics and student life.
• The 2nd phase will scale capacity to over 7,000, adding advanced research centers, international collaboration zones, and dedicated entrepreneurship hubs.

ii.Amravati AI Plus campus will offer undergraduate twinning programs, cotutelle doctoral degrees with top international institutions, and master’s programs in AI/Machine Learning (ML), innovation, and strategy.
iii.Project Vistaar with investment of Rs 1,219 crore, will help the institute in expanding and upgrading infrastructure across its various campuses such as Pilani (Rajasthan), Goa and Hyderabad (Telangana).
iv.BITS Pilani Digital, a full-scale edtech platform, was launched during the event. This new platform aims to launch 32 programmes (including 11 degree and 21 certificate courses) and reach over 1 lakh learners over the next 5 years.

Union MoS George Kurian Launched Skill Training & Women Entrepreneurship Development Project at IIIT Kottayam
In July 2025, Union Minister of State (MoS) George Kurian, Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA), launched a skill training and women entrepreneurship development project under the Pradhan Mantri Virasat ka Samvardhan (PM-VIKAS) scheme at the Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Kottayam in Kerala.

• As part of this initiative, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between MoMA and IIIT, Kottayam, to train 450 candidates from minority communities at IIIT Kottayam.

i.Under this initiative, 150 youth will be trained in Internet of Things (IoT) and 300 women will be trained in leadership and entrepreneurship development.
ii.MoMA will bear the entire training cost, and IIIT Kottayam will be the implementing agency for this project.
iii.The PM-VIKAS, launched in 2022, is a Central Sector Scheme(CSS) launched by the MoMA. The scheme aims at the holistic development and socio-economic upliftment of minority communities.

• It integrates five earlier standalone schemes: Seekho Aur Kamao (Skill Development), Nai Manzil (Education and Livelihood), Nai Roshni (Leadership Training for Women), USTTAD (Upgrading Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development), and Hamari Dharohar (Preservation of Cultural Heritage).

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

WHC Inscribed 26 New Sites on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List during its 47th Committee Meeting in Paris, FranceThe 47th session of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Committee (WHC), chaired by Professor Nikolay Nenov (Bulgaria), was held from July 6 to 16, 2025, in Paris, France.

• The committee added 26 new sites to the UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL), comprising 21 cultural, 4 natural, and 1 mixed site. Additionally, it approved the extension of two existing sites, raising the total number of World Heritage Sites to 1,248 across 170 countries.
• Maratha Military Landscapes of India was included as the 44th World Heritage Site of India.

Highlights:
i.Four new sites from Africa were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List this year, raising the continent’s total to 112 sites. Notably, Guinea-Bissau(Omati Minho) and Sierra Leone(Gola-Tiwai) made their debut on the list by securing their first-ever inscriptions.
ii.The committee removed three African sites such as the Rainforests of the Atsinanana (Madagascar), Abu Mena (Egypt), and Old Town of Ghadames (Libya) from the List of World Heritage in Danger.
iii.Nearly one-third of the sites, inscribed in 2025 are linked to prehistory, including the Peruacu River Canyon (Brazil), the Megaliths of Carnac and of the shores of the Morbihan (France) and the Petroglyphs along the Bangucheon Stream (Republic of Korea).
>>Read Full News

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 Awards: Indore Retains Top Cleanest City Title for 8th Time
On July 17, 2025, Droupadi Murmu, President of India, conferred Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 Awards at the ceremony hosted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) at Vigyan Bhagwan in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The event was attended by Union Minister Manohar Lal, MoHUA and Union Minister of State (MoS) Tokhan Sahu, MoHUA.
• Indore (Madhya Pradesh) retained the title of cleanest city for the eighth consecutive year, followed by Surat (Gujarat) in second place and Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra) in third place.  Also, the inclusion of smaller cities ensures inclusive development and enhances urban governance for India, progressing towards Viksit Bharat by 2047.

About Swachh Survekshan 2024–25:
i.Swachh Survekshan(SS) is the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey, evaluating cities based on waste management, sanitation infrastructure, and public participation.
ii.SS 2024–25, established in 2016 under the SBM-U, marks the 9th edition, focusing on Reduce–Reuse–Recycle (3R), underscores the national push for sustainable urban development by evaluating over 4500 cities.
ii.A total of 78 awards were presented across 4 categories, recognizing excellence in urban cleanliness under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U).

• The 4 different categories of awards presented are based on the newly introduced Super Swachh League Cities, Swachh Shahar in 5 Population Categories, Special Category Awards, and the State-Level Awards (Promising Swachh Shehars).

>>Read Full News

HDFC Bank’s CEO Sashidhar Jagdishan Emerged as India’s Highest-Paid Banker in FY25According to Bank’s Annual Report released in July 2025,  Sashidhar Jagdishan, Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of HDFC Bank Limited, has emerged as the highest-paid banker in India in Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), with total salary of 12.08 crore, marking an increase of 12% compared to FY24.

• Apart from salary, he was also allotted 2.12 lakh shares in Employee Stock Options (ESOPs), valued at over Rs 4.24 crore at current market levels.
• He was the 2nd highest-paid bank Chief in FY25, only after Ashok Vaswani, MD & CEO of Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited (KMBL).

Other Highest-Paid Bankers in India in FY25:
i.Ashok Vaswani, who took over as CEO of KMBL on January 1, 2024, emerged as the highest-paid bank chief in FY25 with a total compensation of Rs.12.95 crore.

• In comparison, he had drawn a salary of Rs.1.62 crore during the three-month period of FY24 following his appointment.
• He earned an annual salary of Rs 12.95 crore, along with 18,580 ESOPs worth over Rs 4 crore.

ii.Amitabh Chaudhary, MD & CEO of Axis Bank Limited, received a salary of Rs 9.11 crore which marks a decline of 5.4% from FY24.

• Additionally, he was allotted approximately 2.69 lakh ESOPs, valued at over Rs 30 crore at current market levels.

iii.IDFC First Bank Limited’s MD & CEO, V. Vaidyanathan, was paid Rs 5.54 crore in salary for FY25, showing a 4.5% increase compared to the previous year. He was allotted 24, 20, 626 stock options worth nearly Rs 18 crore.
iv.While, Sandeep Bakshi, MD & CEO of ICICI Bank Limited, earned an annual salary of Rs 9.96 crore in FY24, but remuneration figures for FY25 have not yet been disclosed.
About HDFC Bank Limited :
Managing Director (MD) & Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Sashidhar Jagdishan
Headquarter– Mumbai, Maharashtra
Tagline– We Understand Your World
Established– 1994

Forbes’ 50 Richest Self-Made Women on Earth in 2025: Indian Women Falguni  Nayar & Kiran–Mazumdar Shaw Ranked 31st and 32nd 

Forbes, an American global media company has released the latest edition of Forbes’ 50 Richest Self-Made Women on Earth in 2025 in June 2025. According to the list, only two Indian women: Falguni Nayar, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Nykaa, with an estimated net worth of USD 3.4 billion, and Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, founder of biopharmaceutical company Biocon India Private Limited, with an estimated net worth of USD 3.3 billion, secured the 31st and 32nd positions respectively.

• Rafaela Aponte-Diamant (Switzerland), co-founder of the Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), with a total worth of USD 38.8 billion, topped the list globally.
• She is followed by Diane Hendricks (from the United States of America, USA), who is the co-founder of ABC Supply, with an estimated net worth of USD 22.3 billion; and Zhong Huijan (from China), founder of Hanosh Pharmaceuticals, with an estimated net worth of USD 15.6 billion, ranked at 2nd and 3rd position, respectively.

About Forbes’ Richest Self-Made Women in 2025:
i.The list featured world’s 50 richest self-made women from 13 countries and 4 continents. It has covered their fortunes across 14 different industries including technology, retail, real estate, and manufacturing, among others.
ii.The combined net worth of 50 self-made women featured on the list stands at   approximately USD 276 billion, with an average net worth of USD 5.5 billion per individual, an increase of USD 158 billion since 2017.
iii.Australia’s Melanie Perkins (38 years old) who co-founded Canva, a popular design software company in 2013, has become the youngest women entrepreneur to be featured on the list.
>>Read Full News

SBI Adjudged World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025 by Global Finance Magazine
In July 2025, the State Bank of India (SBI) has been adjudged as the World’s Best Consumer Bank for 2025 by Global Finance magazine, a leading international financial publication, following a detailed editorial review supported by insights from finance executives, analysts, and global banking professionals.

• The award will be formally presented to SBI Chairman, Challa Sreenivasulu (CS) Setty on 18th October 2025, during the International Monetary Fund (IMF)/World Bank (WB) Annual Meetings in Washington D.C., United States of America (USA).

About World’s Best Consumer Bank award 2025:
i.The World’s Best Consumer Bank award, part of Global Finance magazine’s annual World’s Best Bank awards, recognises top-performing banks across over 150 countries based on their innovation and customer service in consumer banking.
ii.The following banks were named global award winners for the first time:

• • World’s Best Bank – Societe Generale, France
  • World’s Best Corporate Bank – BBVA, Spain
  • World’s Best Emerging Market Bank – J.P. Morgan, United States of America(USA)
  • World’s Best Frontier Market Bank – Societe Generale, France
  • World’s Best Sub-Custodian Bank – CIBC Mellon, Canada

SBI’s Digital Innovation:
According to Global Finance magazine, SBI has demonstrated leadership in the consumer banking segment through:

• Continuous focus on customer engagement and accessibility.
• Expansion of mobile banking infrastructure and establishment of new offices.
• Integration of cutting-edge technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) for hyper-personalised offerings.
• Development of omni-channel engagement models and vernacular voice banking.
• Strengthening of 24/7 digital support systems, particularly in rural and semi-urban regions.

Note: As of March 2025, the SBI caters to over 52 crore customers, holding deposits worth Rs 53.82 lakh crore with a CASA (Current Account Savings Account) ratio of 39.97%, and total advances crossing Rs 42.20 lakh crore.
About State Bank of India (SBI):
Chairman – Challa Sreenivasulu (CS) Setty
Established – 1st July 1955
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Tagline – “Pure Banking, Nothing Else”/ “The Banker to every Indian”

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Yulia Anatoliivna Svyrydenko Appointed As New PM of UkraineIn July 2025, Ukraine’s Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) appointed  Yulia Anatoliivna Svyrydenko, the current First Deputy Prime Minister (DPM) and Minister of Economy,as the new PM, with 262 out of 450 lawmakers voting in her favor, 22 against, and 26 abstaining.

• Yuliia Svyrydenko, who is set to become the second woman PM of Ukraine after Yulia Tymoshenko.
• She was nominated by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy following former PM Denys Shmyhal’s resignation, as part of a major leadership reshuffle amid the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war.

Additional Reshuffle:
i.Denys Shmyhal, the former PM of Ukraine, was appointed as the next Minister of Defence.
ii.Rustem Umerov, the incumbent Defence Minister, was appointed as Ukraine’s Ambassador to the United States of America (USA).
About Yulia Anatoliivna Svyrydenko:
i.Yulia Svyrydenko is a trained economist who began her public service career in 2015 as the Head of the Department of Economic Development of Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine.
ii.She later held key administrative roles, including Deputy Head of the Presidential Office and First Deputy PM since 2021.
iii.As First DPM, she led major economic initiatives focused on post-war recovery, boosting international investment, enhancing domestic weapons production, and implementing citizen support programmes.
iv.She also played a crucial role in economic diplomacy, notably securing a rare mineral trade agreement with the United States, even after earlier tensions had nearly derailed the deal.
About Ukraine:
President – Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Capital – Kyiv
Currency – Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH)

Former CBDT Chairman Nitin Gupta Appointed as Chairperson of NFRA
On July 17, 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), chaired by the Prime Minister(PM) Narendra Modi, has appointed Nitin Gupta as the new chairperson of the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA),under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs(MoCA), with immediate effect. He will serve for a term of three years or until he turns 65, whichever comes earlier.

• He succeeds Ravneet Kaur, who was holding additional charge since April 2025. The post had remained vacant since the completion of Ajay Bhushan Pandey’s three-year tenure on March 31, 2025.
• Additionally, Smita Ghingran, P Daniel and Sushil Kumar Jaiswal have been appointed as full-time members of the NFRA.

About Nitin Gupta:
i.Nitin Gupta is a 1986-batch Indian Revenue Service (IRS) officer under the Income Tax (IT) cadre.
ii.He previously served as Chairman of the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) under the Ministry of Finance(MoF) from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2024, where he played a key role in digitizing tax processes and strengthening compliance.
iii.Earlier, he has held the position of Director-General (DG) at the Competition Commission of India (CCI).
About National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA):
i.The NFRA, based in New Delhi (Delhi), was constituted on 1st October 2018 by the Government of India(GoI) under Sub Section (1) of section 132 of the Companies Act, 2013.
ii.The duties of NFRA are:

• To Recommend accounting and auditing policies and standards
• To monitor and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards across applicable companies
• To oversee the quality of auditing
• To initiate investigations and exercise disciplinary authority.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Indian Army Conducts ‘Akash Prime’ Missile System at High Altitude in LadakhOn July 16, 2025, Indian Army(IA) successfully conducted the First of Production Model firing trial of Akash Prime, the upgraded version of the Akash Weapon System, in the eastern Ladakh sector, located near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) at altitudes above 4,500 metres (m) (over 15,000 feet).

• During these two day trials, the missile intercepted and destroyed two high-speed unmanned aerial targets, proving its effectiveness and operational readiness for high-altitude deployment.

Key Points:
i.The high-altitude trial was conducted by the Indian Army’s Corps of Army Air Defence (AAD) in collaboration with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), along with industry partners Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) (Hyderabad, Telangana) and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) (Bengaluru, Karnataka).
ii.Akash Prime, developed by DRDO, is an indigenously developed medium-range surface-to-air missile system designed to intercept aerial targets at high altitudes.
iii.It is equipped with an indigenous active Radio Frequency (RF) seeker for higher target precision in diverse weather and terrain conditions.
iv.On 17th July 2025, India test-fired two nuclear-capable Short-Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBMs) — Prithvi-II and Agni-I — from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur, Odisha. These tests were conducted under the Strategic Forces Command (SFC).
>>Read Full News

SPORTS

Aditi Chauhan, Indian Women’s Football Team Goalkeeper, Announced RetirementOn 17 July 2025, Aditi Chauhan, India’s pioneering women’s football team goalkeeper and the first Indian woman to play professional club football in Europe, announced her retirement from football, bringing an end to a remarkable 17-year career.

• As a first Indian woman in an English league, setting a precedent for Ngangom Bala Devi, who joined Rangers FC in 2020.
• Aditi Chauhan became the first Indian to be awarded the Asian Woman Footballer of the Year award in 2015.

About Aditi Chauhan:
i.Aditi Chauhan, a 32-year-old goalkeeper, began her university and football journey at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom (UK) while completing a Master’s in Sports Management, playing for the university team.
ii.She signed with West Ham United Ladies (Women’s Super League, England) in 2015, playing in England until 2018 before returning to India.
iii.Returning to India, she joined India Rush SC (2018–19), then Gokulam Kerala FC, winning two Indian Women’s League (IWL) titles (2019–20 & 2021–22) and helping reach third place at the 2021 Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Women’s Club Championship.
iv.Then, she played for Hamar Hveragerði (meaning Hamar Sports Club) (Iceland) in 2021, and closed her career with Sreebhumi FC in 2025.
Achievements and Recognition:
i.Captured multiple national titles, including IWL victories, and earned 57 caps with India.
ii.Aditi Chauhan also part of India women’s national football team that earned two South Asian Games gold medals, clinching top honors in 2016 and again in 2019.
iii.She was a part of the Indian women’s national football team that won the 2012, 2016 and 2019 SAFF Women’s Championship.
iv.Through initiatives like She Kicks, she aims to empower future generations of girls in football.

IMPORTANT DAYS

Nelson Mandela International Day 2025 – July 18The United Nations (UN’s) Nelson Mandela International Day (Mandela Day) is annually observed across the globe on July 18 to recognize Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela’s lifelong dedication to conflict resolution, human rights, race relations, gender equality, and reconciliation.

• The day commemorates the birth anniversary of the Nobel Peace Prize winner (1993), Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, the first Black President of South Africa.
• The 2025 theme for Nelson Mandela International Day is “It’s still in our hands to combat poverty and inequity”, emphasizing collective action against inequality, aligning with Mandela’s vision.

Background:
i.On 10 November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/64/13, proclaiming 18 July of every year as Nelson Mandela International Day.
ii.The resolution recognises Nelson Mandela’s significant contribution to the global struggle for democracy, the promotion of social justice, poverty eradication, and the advancement of a culture of peace.
iii.The first observance of UN Nelson Mandela International Day was held on 18 July 2010.
>>Read Full News

STATE NEWS

UP Govt Partners with UNDP to Strengthen Disaster Management in UP
On July 16, 2025, the Uttar Pradesh (UP) Relief Commissioner’s Office and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) signed a Memorandum of Association (MoA), to implement Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) programmes, with an aim to enhance institutional capacity of UP and create a multi-tiered disaster management system.

• The agreement was signed in the presence of Chief Minister(CM) of UP, Yogi Adityanath and Angela Lusigi, UNDP India head and resident representative.

i.The Government of UP has allocated a budget of Rs.19.99 crores, which will be deployed in a phased manner for a period of three years.
ii.The agreement covers all the 75 districts of UP and includes collaboration across 15 key state departments.
iii.As part of the partnership, Detailed Project Report (DPRs) will be prepared for 10 state departments, and risk and vulnerability assessments will be carried out in 20 major cities of UP, along with the development of urban disaster management plans for these cities.

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