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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
PM Narendra Modi inaugurated ‘Utkarsh Odisha – Make in Odisha Conclave 2025’ in Bhubaneswar
In January 2025, Prime Minister (PM) of India, Narendra Modi inaugurated the ‘Utkarsh Odisha – Make in Odisha Conclave 2025’ and the ‘Make in Odisha Exhibition’ in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
i.The two-day event, held from January 28 to 29, 2025, brought together industry leaders, investors, and policymakers from over 16 countries, including partner countries Singapore, Malaysia, and Australia, to explore investment opportunities in Odisha.
ii.A total of 145 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were signed during the conclave, attracting investment commitments worth Rs 16.73 lakh crore across various sectors, including chemicals & petrochemicals, textiles, mining & metallurgy, renewable energy (RE), Information Technology/Information Technology Enabled Services (IT/ITeS), tourism, and food processing.
>> Read Full News
DIID, MoSPI & IIIT-Delhi Sign MoU to Strengthen India’s Statistical Ecosystem
On January 30, 2025, the Data Informatics and Innovation Division (DIID), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Delhi) under the Data Innovation Lab (DIL) initiative to modernize India’s National Statistical System (NSS).
- This partnership aims to connect government and academia to bring fresh ideas into India’s statistical system, using academic expertise to solve real-world challenges.
Key Points:
i.As the statistical landscape evolves, new methods for addressing the issues like data integration, real-time analytics, and predictive modeling.
ii.In July 2024, MoSPI launched the DIL initiative to bring innovation to official statistics and build a research-driven ecosystem.
iii.The DI Lab is a platform for leveraging emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Big Data Analytics (BDA) to enhance data collection, processing, and dissemination.
iv.The DI Lab has collaborated with top academic institutions, reaching out to over 100, and has signed MoUs with several reputed institutions, including several Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institute of Management (IIM).
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
WHO Declares Niger as the 1st Country in Africa to Eliminate Onchocerciasis
On January 31 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Niger as the 1st African country to achieve the elimination of Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness.
- Niger’s success marks the 2nd time the country has eliminated a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), having been certified free of dracunculiasis (Guinea-worm disease) transmission in 2013.
- Niger joins 4 other countries: Colombia (2013), Ecuador (2014), Mexico (2015) and Guatemala (2016) that have been verified by the WHO for eliminating onchocerciasis.
Note: As of December 2024, 54 countries worldwide had successfully eliminated at least one NTD. WHO’s goal is to see 100 countries eliminate at least one NTD by 2030.
Criteria for eliminating Onchocerciasis:
For a country to be declared free of human onchocerciasis, all endemic foci must demonstrate this evidence with 95% statistical confidence before stopping Mass Drug Administration (MDA).
What is Onchocerciasis?
i.Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a parasitic disease caused by the Onchocerca volvulus parasite.
ii.The disease is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected black flies, mainly in riverine areas.
iii.Onchocerciasis is the 2nd leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, after trachoma. It is also known to cause skin problems and can lead to permanent disability.
iv. Rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa and Yemen are most affected, though smaller endemic areas exist in parts of Latin America.
Key Achievements of Niger:
i.WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP): From 1976 to 1989, Niger implemented vector control measures, including insecticide spraying, which significantly reduced transmission.
ii.Mass Drug Administration (MDA): In 2008, Niger launched MDA using ivermectin and albendazole, donated by Merck, Sharpe & Dohme (MSD), to combat both onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF).
iii.In 2014 after stopping LF MDA in most areas, confirmed that combined efforts of medicine distribution and vector control eliminated transmission, reducing prevalence from 60% to just 0.02%.
About Niger:
Prime Minister (PM)- Ali Lamine Zeine
Capital- Niamey
Currency- West African CFA franc (XOF)
BANKING & FINANCE
RBI Ombudsman Resolved 95% of Complaints in FY24
In January 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released its latest Annual Report of the Ombudsman Scheme, 2023-24. As per the report, RBI resolved 95% (i.e. 2.84 lakh) complaints received under the Reserve Bank-Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS) between April 1, 2023 and March 31, 2024 and achieved a disposable rate of 95.10%.
- Under the RB-IOS, 2021 act, the complaints are handled by 24 Offices of the RBI Ombudsman (ORBIOs) and the Centralised Receipt and Processing Centre (CRPC). During F.Y.2023-24.
- The report revealed that a total of 9,34,355 complaints were received by the ORBIOs and CRPC as compared to 7,03,544 complaints during F.Y.2022-23, representing an increase of 32.81 per cent.
Key Findings:
i.Out of these 9,34,355 complaints, 2,93,924 complaints (31.46 per cent) were received at ORBIOs and 6,40,431 complaints (68.54 per cent) were received at the CRPC.
- As per the report, 88.77% of the total complaints received at the ORBIOs, came through digital modes including the online Complaint Management System (CMS) portal, and Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS).
ii.The report informed that ORBIO has resolved 57.07% of maintainable complaints through mutual settlement, conciliation, or mediation, while 40.78% were dismissed due to absence of any service deficiency.
iii.CRPC witnessed a sharp increase in complaints, receiving 7,66,957 complaints (including assigned to ORBIOs/ Consumer Education and Protection Cell (CEPCs)), which was 30.10 per cent higher as compared to the previous year.
>> Read Full News
RBI Tightens Norms for Imposing Penalty under PSS Act, 2007
In January 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has tightened norms for imposing monetary penalties and compounding offences under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act (PSS Act, 2007). The new norms aim to consolidate and rationalize enforcement actions by the RBI.
- The new framework which has been introduced for payment system operators and banks that outlined various contraventions and penalties such as: operation of a payment system without authorization, disclosure of information, which is prohibited, and failure to pay the penalty imposed by the RBI within the stipulated time period, among others.
i.RBI has been empowered under Section 30 of the PSS Act, to impose a penalty not exceeding Rs 10 lakh or twice the amount involved in such contravention or default where such amount is quantifiable, whichever is more.
ii.Section 31 of the PSS Act, 2007 has empowered an officer of RBI duly authorised to compound contraventions, excluding those offences punishable with imprisonment only or with imprisonment and fine.
>> Read Full News
New Investment Announcements Surged by 39%, to over Rs 32 lakh crore in 9MFY25
According to State Bank of India (SBI’s) Economic Research Department (ERD) report, new investment announcements in India surged by a robust 39% Year-on-Year (Y-o-Y), to over Rs 32 lakh crore in the 1st 9 Months of Financial Year 2024-25 (9MFY25) from Rs 23 lakh crore during the same period in the last year. This growth reflects the sustained momentum in investment activities across the country.
- It also highlighted that domestic investment announcements in India during the last two FYs (FY23 and FY24) have witnessed a significant increase of Rs 37 lakh crore.
i.The report observed that the share of government in new investment announcements decreased to 31.33% in FY23, while that of the private sector increased to 68.67%.
- However, the share of the government in new investment announcements increased to 40.43% in FY24, while that of the private sector decreased to 59.57%.
ii.The report highlighted that the manufacturing sector saw maximum announcements of 1,493 projects worth Rs 5,97,921 crore during 9MFY25.
About State Bank of India(SBI):
Chairman- Challa Sreenivasulu (C.S.) Setty
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established– 1st July 1955
Tagline-The Banker to Every Indian
>> Read Full News
SBI introduces New Term Deposit Scheme for Super Senior Citizens
In January 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra) based State Bank of India (SBI) introduced a new Term Deposit (TD) Scheme called ‘SBI Patrons’ for Super Senior Citizens (residents aged 80 years or above).
- The scheme is designed to offer additional interest benefits, with an interest rate 10 basis points(0.10%) higher than the rates offered to senior citizens.
Note: As per Section 194P of the Income Tax Act 1961, resident individuals aged 80 years or more are classified as Super Senior Citizens.
i.The Scheme offers interest rates from 4.10% to 7.60% for super senior citizens. Specifically, the 1-year TD rate is 7.4%, while the 5-year TD rate is 7.6% for super senior citizens.
ii.The scheme offers Term Deposit Receipt (TDR) and Short-Term Deposit Receipt (STDR) with a minimum deposit of Rs.1,000 and a maximum deposit of up to Rs.3 crore. The deposit tenure ranges from 7 days to 10 years.
iii.SBI imposes a penalty of 0.50% for premature withdrawals up to Rs.5 lakh, and 1% for amounts exceeding Rs.5 lakh.
KMAMC launches India’s 1st Kotak MSCI India ETF
In January 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra) Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Company Limited(KMAMC), asset manager of Kotak Mutual Fund, launched Kotak MSCI India Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF), India’s 1st ETF designed to track the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) India Index.
- The New Fund Offer (NFO) is opened from January 29, 2025, and will close on February 12, 2025. The scheme is scheduled to reopen for continuous trading on or before February 27, 2025.
- The ETF is designed for investors aiming for long-term capital growth, especially those seeking exposure to the companies included in the MSCI India Index.
i.It offers diversified exposure across sectors like consumer discretionary, finance, healthcare, and real estate, providing a cost-effective way to invest in Indian equities.
ii.The minimum application amount during the NFO is Rs.5,000, with the possibility of investing any amount thereafter and the cost to invest during the NFO is Rs.10 per unit, with no exit load.
Note: The MSCI India Index is a global benchmark that includes 156 large and mid-cap companies, covering about 85% of the Indian equity market.
NPCI Implements New Rules for UPI Transaction ID from February 1, 2025
Mumbai (Maharashtra) based National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has implemented New Rules for Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions, effective from February 1, 2025. This regulation mandates that all UPI transaction Identifications (IDs) containing special characters (@, #, $, %, and others) will be declined and must use only the alphanumeric characters.
- This directive aims to enforce compliance with UPI technical specifications implemented back in March 2024.
i.The move follows an earlier NPCI Operating circular (OC 193) issued in March 2024, requiring UPI participants to generate transaction IDs using only alphanumeric characters for technical standardization.
ii.All banks, payment service providers, and third-party applications (apps) are required to update their systems prior to the enforcement date.
ECONOMY & BUSINESS
Garuda Aerospace Pledged Rs 100 Crore to Develop India’s 1st Drone City in AP
In January 2025, Chennai (Tamil Nadu, TN)-based Garuda Aerospace Private Limited, leading drone manufacturing company in India, pledged to invest Rs 100 crore for the development of India’s 1st ‘Drone City’ in Andhra Pradesh (AP). The proposed drone city will be established in Orvakal village of Kurnool district of AP.
- The announcement came during a strategic meeting held between Agnishwar Jayaprakash, Founder and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Garuda Aerospace and Union Minister Kinjarapu Rammohan Naidu, Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA).
Key Points:
i.The project aims to promote drone innovation, Research & Development (R&D), transforming India into a global hub for drone technology.
ii.During the meeting, CEO of Garuda Aerospace highlighted that company’s vision is in alignment with ‘Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra’ and its ongoing contributions towards ‘Namo Drone Didi’ initiative, that aimed to empower rural women through drone technology.
iii.So far, Garuda Aerospace has received 6 Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) approvals including Type Certification and Remote Pilot Training Organisation (RPTO) approvals.
About Garuda Aerospace Private Limited:
Founder and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Agnishwar Jayaprakash
Headquarters- Chennai, Tami Nadu (TN)
Established- 2015
SIDBI & TIDITSSIA Sign MoU to Support Local Industries
In January 2025, the Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh based Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with The Tiruchirapalli District Tiny & Small Scale Industries Association (TIDITSSIA) to foster mutual cooperation and support local industries.
- The signing ceremony was attended by Pyda Rama Krishna, Assistant General Manager (AGM) of SIDBI, J.P. Jagadish, Branch Manager of SIDBI, P. Rajappa, President of TIDITSSIA, along with other dignitaries.
i.Under the MoU, SIDBI will conduct capacity-building training for selected office-bearers and staff of TIDITSSIA, offer support to the association’s members, and organize buyer-seller meetings.
ii.It supports around 450 members in securing business loans at an interest rate approximately 1% lower than that offered by other financial institutions.
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
BCCI Awards 2025: Jasprit Bumrah & Smriti Mandhana Named Best International Cricketers of 2023-24
On February 1 2025, Jasprit Bumrah won the Best International Cricketer of the Year (also called the Polly Umrigar Award) 2023-24 in the Men’s category, and Smriti Mandhana won the Best International Cricketer of the Year 2023-24 in the Women ’s category at the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) Awards 2025 (Naman Awards).
- Former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, fondly called the “God of Cricket” or “Master Blaster,” was presented with the Colonel CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award of the Year 2024.
26 winners across categories were awarded during a ceremony held on 1st February 2025 in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Other Awards:
i.Sachin Tendulkar is the 31st recipient of the Colonel CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award from the BCCI.
- The Colonel CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award was instituted in 1994 in honour of India’s first cricket captain Colonel Cottari Kanakaiya (CK) Nayudu.
iii.The BCCI also presented a special award to Indian cricketer Ravichandran Ashwin, who retired from all forms of international cricket in December 2024.
>> Read Full News
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
ACC Appoints Rajesh Nirwan as DG of BCAS
In January 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the appointment of a 1992-batch senior Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the Rajasthan cadre Rajesh Nirwan as the Director General (DG) of the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA).
- According to an order from the Department of Personnel & Training (DoPT), under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (MoPP&P), his appointment will take effect once he takes charge and will remain in place until further notice.
- He takes over from Amrit Mohan Prasad, a 1989-batch IPS officer of the Odisha cadre, who has been serving as the DG of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) and holding the additional charge of DG, BCAS, since November 1, 2024.
About Rajesh Nirwan:
i.Rajesh Nirwan started his career as Superintendent of Police (SP) in Crime Branch-Criminal Investigation Department (CB-CID), Jaipur (Rajasthan), and later served as the police chief in cities of Rajasthan -Jhalawar, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, and Kota.
ii.In 2007, he was promoted to Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIGP) at the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) for 2 years.
iii.He became Inspector General (IG) of Police in 2010 and led the Ajmer Range (Rajasthan) until 2012.
iv.From 2016 to 2023, Nirwan held key leadership roles as IG and Additional DG of Police in the Border Security Force (BSF) in New Delhi.
About the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS):
The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) is the main organization responsible for aviation security in India.
Director General(DG) – Rajesh Nirwan
Headquarters – New Delhi (Delhi)
Established – 1978
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ISRO’s Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla to Pilot NASA’s Private Axiom Mission 4, Marking 1st Indian Astronaut to travel to ISS
In January 2025, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)’s astronaut and the fighter pilot of Indian Air Force (IAF), Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, has been named the pilot for Axiom Mission 4(Ax-4), a private spaceflight for International Space Station (ISS).
- With this announcement, he will become the 1st Indian astronaut to go to the ISS on a private mission and also the 1st Indian to go to space in the last 40 years.
About Shubhanshu Shukla:
i.Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla was commissioned into IAF on 17th June, 2006.
ii.He is a fighter combat leader and a test pilot with approximately 2000 hours (hrs) of flying experience.
- He has an extensive experience of flying variety of aircraft including Su-30 MKI, MiG-21, MiG-29, Jaguar, Hawk, Dornier, among others.
iii.He was promoted to wing commander in June 2019 and group captain of the IAF in 2024.
iv.He is also one of the 4 astronuat-designates selected for India’s ambitious Gaganyaan mission.
About Axiom-4 Mission:
i.In 2023, NASA signed a mission of order with Texas (the USA)-based Axiom Space, American space infrastructure developer for the 4th private astronaut mission named Axiom mission (Ax-4) to the ISS.
- Axiom Space has contracted with SpaceX as a launch provider for transportation to and from the space station for this mission.
ii.The mission is scheduled to be launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Centre in Florida, USA in 2025.
iii.It is expected to dock with ISS for 14 days, conducting a range of scientific experiments, educational outreach, and commercial activities, as part of their collaboration with NASA and ISRO.
Other Crew Members of Ax-4 mission:
i.Peggy Whitson from the United States of America (USA), former astronaut of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and director of human spaceflight at Axiom Space, named as mission commander.
ii.Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski of the European Space Agency (ESA) from Poland, and Tibor Kapu of Hungary, have been named as mission specialist.
About National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA):
Acting Administrator– Janet Petro
Headquarters– Washington D.C., the United States of America (USA)
Established– 1958
ENVIRONMENT
New Species of Phytopathogenic Fungus ‘Epicoccum indicum’ Discovered
On February 1, 2025, a new species of phytopathogenic fungus, Epicoccum indicum (Ascomycota, Didymellaceae), associated with an emerging leaf spot disease in Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) was discovered by researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Uttar Pradesh (UP).
- The discovery was made by Raghvendra Singh, Senior Assistant Professor, and Soumyadeep Rajwar, a research scholar, from the Department of Botany at BHU, UP.
- The species name is derived from India, where it was 1st discovered.
i.This new species was identified based on morpho-cultural traits and molecular phylogenetic analyses, which involved multilocus sequencing.
ii.Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for causing 70-80% of plant diseases, leading to substantial economic losses in agriculture and horticulture, and can be either necrotrophic (feeding on dead tissue), or biotrophic (colonizing living tissue).
IMPORTANT DAYS
Indian Coast Guard Day 2025 – 1st February
Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Day is celebrated annually on 1st February across India to commemorate the establishment of the ICG, India’s maritime armed force under the Ministry of Defence (MoD).
- 1st February 2025 marks the observance of 49th Raising Day of the ICG.
Background :
i.In 1977, the Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the ICG, with 2 frigates and 5 patrol boats transferred from the Indian Navy (IN).
- The ICG was formed on February 1, 1977 by the Coast Guard Act of 1978 of Parliament of India, to combat sea-based smuggling that affected India’s economy.
- The 1st Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS), Kuthar (Pennant No. 31), was transferred from the IN to the ICG in 1978.
ii.The Indian Parliament declared ICG Day on August 18, 1978.
- ICG was formally inaugurated by the then Prime Minister (PM) Morarji Desai on 19th August 1978.
About Indian Coast Guard (ICG):
Director-General (DG)– Paramesh Sivamani
Headquarters– New Delhi, Delhi
Established– 1977
Motto– Vayam Rakshamah (We Protect)
>> Read Full News
World Interfaith Harmony Week 2025 – 1-7 February
The United Nations (UN’s) World Interfaith Harmony Week (WIHW) is observed annually across the globe during the first week of February (1-7) to promote peace, tolerance, and nonviolence among people of all faiths.
- WIHW 2025 is observed from 1-7 February 2025.
- WIHW promotes the shared values of “Love of God and Love of the Neighbor” or “Love of the Good and Love of the Neighbor.” Its message is inclusive, open to all, and entirely voluntary.
Background:
i.WIHW was 1st proposed by H.M. King Abdullah II and HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad of Jordan at the 65th United Nation General Assembly (UNGA) on September 23 2010.
ii.On October 20 2010, the UN recognized the first week of February as WWIHW through resolution A/RES/65/5. The resolution aims to foster peace, nonviolence, and understanding across different faiths globally.
- The first-ever WIHW was observed from 1-7 February 2011.
About United Nations (UN):
Secretary-General (SG)– António Guterres
Headquarters- New York, the United States of America (USA)
Established – 1945
>> Read Full News
STATE NEWS
Inland Mangrove Guneri Becomes Gujarat’s 1st Biodiversity Heritage Site
In January 2025, the Gujarat Biodiversity Board (GBB), under the Forest and Environment Department of the Government of Gujarat, declared the Inland Mangrove Guneri in Guneri village, Lakhpat taluka, Kutch District , as the first Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS) of Gujarat.
- This initiative aims to protect a unique mangrove ecosystem that grows in a non-tidal environment, boosting the region’s ecological value.
- It is based on recommendations from Bhupendra Rajnikant Patel, Chief Minister (CM) of Gujarat; Mulubhai Bera, Forest and Environment Minister of Gujarat; and Mukesh Zinabhai Patel, Minister of State (MoS) for Forest and Environment, Climate Change, Water Resources and Water Supply, Gujarat to ensure the conservation and enhancement of the region’s flora and fauna.
About Inland Mangrove Guneri:
i.Inland Mangrove Guneri is a 32.78-hectare(ha) area of flat land resembling a mangrove forest. It remains unaffected by high tides, with the soil staying dry throughout the year.
ii.They are situated 45 kilometers(km) from the Arabian Sea and 4 km from Kori Creek in Gujarat.
iii.They are typically found along coastlines, where they grow in marshy or muddy areas.
iv.Unlike usual mangroves that grow in muddy, tidal coastal areas, these mangroves have thrived without tidal water, forming a dense forest. This makes them an important and rare part of Kutch’s natural heritage.
Note: Inland mangroves are rare and have been reported from only 8 locations across the globe till date.
Key Points:
i.To support conservation, the GBB will implement a dedicated management plan to protect the site’s flora and fauna.
ii.The Gujarat government has also launched capacity-building programs for local residents, forest staff, and indigenous communities to raise awareness about biodiversity and involve them in conservation.
About Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS) in India:
i.Under Section 37 of the Biological Diversity Act (BDA) of 2002, the Indian state government can notify BHS in consultation with local governing bodies.
ii.As of December 2024, India has 47 Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS), with the first BHS being the Tamarind Grove in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
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