Current Affairs 24 January 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Cabinet Approvals on January 22 2025
On January 22 2025, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi has approved the following proposals:
i.Apprised of Achievements under National Health Mission (NHM) (2021-24). It has also approved continuation of the NHM for another 5 years.
ii.Approved the Minimum Support Price (MSP) of Rs 5,650 per quintal for raw jute (TD-3 grade) for marketing season 2025-26. This marks an increase of nearly 6% i.e. Rs 315 per quintal compared to last marketing season 2024-25.
Cabinet Apprised of Achievements under NHM (2021-24): A Milestone in Improving India’s Public Health Outcomes
The Union Cabinet was apprised of the achievements under the National Health Mission (NHM) during a period of 3 years (from 2021-22 to 2023-24).

• It was also apprised of accelerated decrease in Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Infant Mortality (IMR), Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR), and Total Fertility Rate (TFR).

CCEA Approved Rs 5,650 per Quintal MSP for Raw Jute for 2025-26 Season
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by PM Narendra Modi approved the Minimum Support Price (MSP) of Rs 5,650 per quintal for raw jute (TD-3 grade) for marketing season 2025-26. This marks an increase of nearly 6% i.e. Rs 315 per quintal compared to last marketing season 2024-25.
>> Read Full News

DoC Introduces ‘DIA Scheme’ to Enhance Global Competitiveness of Diamond Sector
In January 2025, the Department of Commerce (DoC), Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), introduced the Diamond Imprest Authorization (DIA) Scheme.

• This scheme aims to enhance the global competitiveness of India’s diamond sector and will be implemented with effect from 1 April 2025.

About DIA Scheme:
i.This scheme offers the duty-free importation of Natural Cut and Polished Diamonds weighing less than ¼ carat (25 cents), encouraging value addition and increasing exports.
ii.This scheme requires exports to have a 10% value added.
iii.All diamond exporters with USD 15 million in annual exports and Two Star Export House status or higher are eligible to receive benefits under this program.
iv.Validity of Diamond Imprest Licence (DIL) will be 1 year for import and 18 months for export.

• The DIL will be for a value of 5% of the average of past 3 years export. Maximum value of DIL for an exporter in one year will be USD 15 million.

v.Diamonds to be imported under Actual User Condition.Import and Export of Diamonds will be from Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai(Maharashtra) only.
vi.The scheme is intended to create a fair playing field for Indian diamond exporters, particularly Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) exporters, allowing them to compete effectively with larger competitors.
Note: The Gems and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) reports that India’s gross gem and jewelry exports in December 2024 totaled USD 1,967.98 million(Rs. 16719.460 crores), a 10.29% decrease from the same period in 2024.

MoA&FW Conducts India’s First Edible Oil Consumption Survey
On January 9, 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MoA&FW) launched the first-ever edible oil consumption survey on the “My Gov” portal to assess edible oil consumption patterns across India.

• This initiative aims to support the effective implementation of the National Mission on Edible Oils-Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds).
• It addresses the absence of recent data on consumption patterns in India, the world’s largest consumer and importer of edible oils.
• The 45-day questionnaire-based survey, launched on January 9, 2025, is scheduled to run until February 23, 2025.

i.Industry reports show that per capita annual consumption (PCAC) of edible oil in India has surpassed 20 Kilogram (kg), well above the recommended limits of 12 kg by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and 13 kg by the World Health Organization (WHO).
About Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MoA&FW):
Union Minister– Shivraj Singh Chouhan (Constituency- Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, MP)
Minister of State(MoS) – Ram Nath Thakur (Rajya Sabha- Bihar)
>> Read Full News

India & France strengthens maritime security cooperation in IORIn January 2025, India and France strengthened their maritime security cooperation to maintain peace and security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) during the 7th India-France maritime cooperation dialogue held in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The dialogue was co-chaired by Pavan Kapoor, Deputy National Security Adviser(NSA), Government of India(GoI) and Alice Rufo, Director General(DG) for international relations and strategy, Ministry for the Armed Forces, France.

Note: India assuming chair of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) in 2025 for two years.
Key Points:
i.During the dialogue, India and France agreed to develop an analysis of threats to maritime security in the IOR to prevent illegal maritime activity, including piracy and armed robbery, maritime terrorism, contraband smuggling, unethical unreported and excessive fishing.
ii.Both countries will also provide free and secure access to sea lanes of communications through association of their maritime assets and organisations.

• These organizations include the Information Fusion Centre-Indian Ocean Region in Gurugram, the Regional Coordination Operations Centre in Seychelles, and the Regional Maritime Information Fusion Centre in Madagascar.

India, France expands partnership in high-end technology sectors
In January 2025, India and France agreed to deepen their bilateral partnership in high-end technologies, during the India-France Foreign Office Consultations (FOC) held in Paris, France.

• The consultations were co-chaired by Vikram Misri,Foreign Secretary of India and Anne-Marie Descôtes, Secretary-General of the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs.
• They also co-chaired a meeting of the India-France Special Task Force on Civil Nuclear Energy.

ii.Both the countries discussed to cooperate in various areas including defence, civil nuclear energy, space, cybersecurity, digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI), institutional dialogue mechanisms and initiatives to enhance people-to-people exchanges and cultural ties.

• The two countries also reviewed progress on the India-France ‘Horizon 2047 roadmap’.
• Discussions were also held on climate change and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific as well as joint development projects in third countries.

About France:
President– Emmanuel Macron
Prime Minister(PM) – François Bayrou
Capital– Paris
Currency– Euro(EUR)

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Brand Finance Global 500 2025: Apple Tops Global Rankings; TATA Most Valuable Indian Brand
According to the 19th Global 500 2025 report published by Brand Finance, Apple has retained its position as the world’s most valuable brand, with a brand value of USD 574.5 billion (bn).Tata Group (USD 28.6 bn) is the most valuable Indian brand for the 15th consecutive holding 60th spot in the list.

• In Global rank, Apple is followed by Microsoft (USD 461.1 bn) on the 2nd, and Google (USD 413 bn) on 3rd respectively.
• WeChat (95.2) has been ranked as the world’s strongest brand for the 2nd consecutive year followed by Nike (94.7) on the 2nd spot and Google (94.3) on the 3rd position.
• United States of America (USA) has the greatest number of brands (193) in the list followed by China and Germany on the 2nd and 3rd place, with 69 and 27 brands respectively.India got 8th place in the list with the number of brands 15.
• HCL Technologies (HCLTech) has emerged as world’s fastest-growing IT services brand in 2025, while Infosys has achieved the highest compound annual growth rate among IT services brands over the past 5 years (at 18.2%).
• The ‘e&’, telecommunications brand has become the fastest-growing brand in the world in 2025 with an eight-fold increase in brand value to USD 15.3 billion.
• According to the Brand Finance Global 500 2025 report, the top five Indian brands are Tata Group,Infosys,HDFC Group,Life Insurance Corporation(LIC),and Reliance Group.

Top 5 Globally Valuable Brands:

About Brand Finance Global 500 report:
i.It is the annual study held every year since 2007 that provides information about the world’s top 500 most valuable and strongest global brands.
ii.It operates in over 25 countries and conducts more than 6,000 brand valuationsand publishes over 100 reports which rank brands across all sectors and countries.
>> Read Full News

WMF’s 2025 Watch List Added Moon to List of Threatened Cultural Sites for the 1st Time; 2 Indian Sites on the List

In January 2025, New York (the United States of America, USA)-based World Monuments Fund (WMF), a non-profit organisation released its “2025 World Monuments Watch List”. The list includes 25 endangered cultural heritage sites spanning 29 countries across 5 continents.

• This year list has gone beyond the usual landmarks such as temples, cemeteries and has added Moon on the list for the 1st time.

i.Other than Moon, the list features notable endangered cultural sites like: Erdene Zuu Buddhist Monastery (Mongolia), Noto Peninsula Heritage Sites (Japan), Ruins of Old Belchite (Spain), among others.
ii.The list features two Indian sites namely, Bhuj Historic Water Systems (Gujarat) and Musi River Historic Buildings (Telangana).
About World Monuments Fund (WMF):
President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Bénédicte de Montlaur
Headquarters- New York, the United States of America (USA)
Established–  1965
>> Read Full News

India Officially Joins Eurodrone Programme as Observer State In January 2025, India has officially joined the Medium Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (MALE RPAS) or Eurodrone programme as the Observer State. With this, India became the second Asia-Pacific country after Japan to gain observer status.
i.The letter of approval (LoA) was handed over by Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation’s (Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d’Armement, OCCAR) executive administration director, Joachim Sucker, to Ajit Gupte, India’s ambassador to Germany in Berlin, Germany.
ii.Now India is granted access to technical data and the ability to place orders for the aircraft, they are not involved in the decision-making processes regarding the platform’s design, development, or the distribution of workshare among the participating countries.
About Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d’Armement(OCCAR):
The Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation is an intergovernmental organization in Europe that manages and facilitates collaborative armament programs.
Director – Joachim Sucker
Headquarters – Bonn, Germany
Established – 1996
>> Read Full News

BANKING & FINANCE

Skydo Receives In-Principle Approval from RBI as Payment Aggregator for Cross-Border Payments
On 21 January 2025, Skydo Technologies Private Limited, a cross-border fintech company based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, received in-principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a Payment Aggregator-Cross Border (PA-CB).

• Skydo also secured Payment Service Provider (PSP) approval from Amazon, an American multinational technology company headquartered in Washington, United States of America ( USA).
• This approval allows Skydo to process payments for exporters participating in Amazon’s Global Selling programme.

i.Founded in 2022, Skydo is among the first in the cross-border payments industry to receive RBI’s approval.

• It primarily serves small and medium-sized businesses and freelancers by providing virtual foreign accounts for receiving international payments.

ii.The company works with global banks to provide a comprehensive solution for invoicing, payments, and reconciliation, processing over USD 250 million (mn) in annual export payments.
iii.Currently, only five companies have received final approval from the RBI to function as PA-CB, including Adyen India Technology Services Private, Amazon Pay India Private Limited, Cashfree Payments, IndiaIdeas.com, and Pay10 Services Private Limited.    

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS       

Alok Kumar Agarwal Appointed MD and CEO of Zurich Kotak General Insurance
Alok Kumar Agarwal was appointed as the Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Zurich Kotak General Insurance. He took charge of this post from January 01, 2025, succeeding Suresh Agarwal.

• His appointment came following Zurich completed the strategic majority stake acquisition of Mumbai based Kotak Mahindra General Insurance Company Limited (KGI) in June 2024.

i.Alok Agarwal has an extensive experience of more than 20 years in the insurance industry.
ii.Earlier, he served at various senior positions at ICICI Lombard General Insurance, managing diverse segments like: corporate, government, rural, crop and retail businesses. 

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Digantara Launches World’s First Commercial Satellite SCOT for Advanced Space Monitoring

In January 2025, Bengaluru (Karnataka)-based aerospace company Digantara, backed by the Aditya Birla Group and the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), launched Space Camera for Object Tracking (SCOT) satellite,  the world’s first commercial satellite for Space Situational Awareness (SSA).

• Besides, Indian space-tech startup XDLINX Space Labs also launched its high-tech satellites to monitor earth and space objects.
• The satellites were launched aboard SpaceX’s Transporter-12 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, the United States of America (USA).

About Space Camera for Object Tracking (SCOT):
As Earth’s orbits become increasingly crowded with satellites and space debris, SSA plays a vital role in preventing collisions and ensuring the safety of spacecraft.

• SCOT contributes significantly in  improving safety by offering precise and reliable tracking capabilities.

Key Features:
i.SCOT is designed to monitor Resident Space Objects (RSOs), significantly enhancing space safety by tracking objects as small as 5 centimetres (cm) in Low Earth orbit (LEO).
ii It provides continuous monitoring unaffected by weather or geographic limitations.
iii.Equipped with advanced technology, SCOT operates in a sun-synchronous orbit, ensuring consistent observation of the near-Earth environment.
XDLINX Space Labs launches ELEVATION-1 satellite:
Hyderabad(Telangana) based XDLINX Labs Private Limited in collaboration with the USA based Almagest Space Corporation launched its technology demonstrator satellite, ELEVATION-1 which carried the world’s first E-band communications payload.

• This will push data rates into the 10 Gigabits Per Second(Gbps) regime.

i.The ELEVATION-1 satellite, developed by XDLINX Spacelabs, is powered by Antaris’ Cloud Platform and SatOS™, and was assembled, integrated, and tested by Hyderabad based Ananth Technologies Limited.
ii.This 6U (Units)  cubesat includes power, computing, avionics, and communication systems.
iii.The spacecraft will test the world’s first miniaturized space-grade E-band communication payload, and measurement.
iv.Other transmission data will be used to develop advanced propagation models for Almagest’s global high-speed and Ultra-High Throughput Screening(UHTS) LEO constellation.
Note: The E band represents the frequency range from 60 gigahertz(GHz) to 90 GHz.
About Digantara:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)–  Anirudh Sharma
Headquarters– Bengaluru, Karnataka
Established– 2018

DRDO Carries Out Test of India’s First Scramjet Combustor for Hypersonic TechnologyIn January 2025,The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) under the Ministry of Defence (MoD) successfully carried out a ground test of an active cooled scramjet combustor, lasting 120 seconds, marking a first for India.

• This test is part of India’s effort to develop hypersonic technology powered by supersonic combustion ramjets (scramjets).
• This technology was developed by the Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), based in Hyderabad, Telangana, and part of the DRDO.

Key Points:
i.A significant achievement was the creation of a unique type of endothermic scramjet fuel developed entirely in India. This fuel, designed by DRDL in collaboration with industry experts, enhances cooling efficiency and simplifies ignition.
ii.Another accomplishment is the development of an advanced Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC). Made from a specialized ceramic material, this coating can withstand extremely high temperatures, even exceeding the melting point of steel.

• The coating is applied inside the engine using special techniques to improve its durability and performance.

iii.The scramjet combustor test showed  its ability to ignite and maintain stable combustion under challenging conditions.This is a difficult task because the flame has to stay stable while air flows at speeds over 1.5 kilometres per second (km/s).

• To improve the engine’s design and performance, advanced tools such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were used.

About Hypersonic Missiles:
Hypersonic missiles are highly advanced weapons that travel at speeds over Mach 5, which is more than five times the speed of sound (around 5,400 kilometres per hour, km/hr).
i.These missiles are designed to evade existing air defense systems and deliver swift, powerful strikes.
ii.A crucial element of hypersonic vehicles is the scramjet engine, which uses air from the atmosphere to sustain combustion at supersonic speeds without requiring moving parts.
About Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO):
Chairman– Samir V Kamat
Headquarters– New Delhi, Delhi
Established– 1958

SPORTS

Mumbai Marathon 2025: Berhane Tesfay & Joyce Chepkemoi Tele Win Men’s & Women’s Elite Race
In January 2025, Eritrea’s Berhane Tesfay and Kenya’s Joyce Chepkemoi Tele won the men’s and women’s elite races, respectively, at the TATA Mumbai Marathon 2025 held in Mumbai,Maharashtra.

• It is the 20th edition of the Mumbai Marathon, which is a World Athletics Gold Label Road Race event,organized by Procam International Private Limited. It was also a qualifier for the World Athletics Championships in Tokyo(Japan) in September 2025.
• The top three finishers in both men and women elite sections received a prize money of USD 50,000, USD 25,000 and USD 15,000 respectively.

i.In overall Elite Men Category, Berhane Tesfay (Eritrea) won the race followed by Merhawi Kesete (Eritrea) in second and Tesfaye Demeke (Ethiopia) in third place .
ii.In overall Elite WomenCategory,Joyce Chepkemoi Tele (Kenya) won the race followed by Shitaye Eshete (Bahrain) in second and Medina Deme Armino (Ethiopia) in third.
iii.Indian Elite Category, Anish Thapa won the race in Indian Men’s Category while Nirmaben Thakor won the race in Indian women’s category.
iv.Mohamed Muktar Jama Farah, widely known as Sir Mo Farah, represents Great Britain in athletics, a multiple Olympic and World Champion, as the International Event Ambassador for the 20th edition of the Mumbai Marathon.
Note: Ethiopians Hayle Lemi and Aberash Minsewo won the men’s and women’s elite races, respectively, at the Mumbai Marathon 2024

OBITUARY

Ballon d’Or Winner Denis Law Passed Away
In January 2025, Manchester United legend and Ballon d’Or winner Denis Law, passed away at the age of 84 in Aberdeen, Scotland. He was born on 24 February 1940 in Aberdeen.

• He is the only Scottish player to win both the Ballon d’Or and the European Player of the Year awards in 1964.
• He was also known as “The King,” “The Lawman,” and “Holy Trinity.”

i.In 1956, Denis Law began his career with Huddersfield Town and created a name for himself at Manchester United.
ii.He spent 11 years at Manchester United and won the league titles in 1965 and 1967 and the European Cup in 1968.
iii. With 237 goals in 404 games, he is the club’s third-highest goalscorer after Wayne Rooney (253) and Sir Bobby Charlton (245).

IMPORTANT DAYS

Parakram Diwas 2025 – January 23Parakram Diwas, also known as the Day of Valour, is observed annually across India on 23 January to commemorate the birth anniversary of one of the  Indian freedom fighters Subhash Chandra Bose, popularly called as Netaji.

• 23 January 2025 marks the 128th birth anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose.

i.The 1st ever Parakram Diwas was celebrated on 23 January 2021 on the 124th birth anniversary of Netaji.
ii.The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), based in Hyderabad,Telangana has been selected for the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar 2025 in the institutional category for its outstanding contributions to disaster management.
>> Read Full News

STATE NEWS

Kerala launches ‘KaWaCHaM’ India’s 1st Fully Integrated Disaster Risk Warning System
On January 21 2025, the Chief Minister (CM) of Kerala Pinarayi Vijayan launched the ‘Kerala Warnings, Crisis and Hazard Management(KaWaCHaM) System’, India’s first fully integrated disaster warning system at the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

• This advanced disaster risk warning system aims to enhance disaster preparedness and response capabilities while also issuing alerts for extreme weather events.
• It is developed by KSDMA with support from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the World Bank (WB) as part of the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP).

Note:  The word Kavacham in Malayalam translates to ‘shield’, symbolising protection.
About KaWaCHaM:
i.The disaster warning system features a network of 126 siren-strobe light units and 93 emergency operation centers linked through a Virtual Private Network (VPN) and data center.

• Currently 91 sirens are installed , as a part of the first phase. The next phase will include the remaining sirens, alongside ongoing operational trials.
• Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam (Kerala) have the most sirens, with 13 each, while Kottayam, Idukki, and Wayanad (Kerala) have the fewest, with five each.

ii.The system will deliver timely alerts on extreme weather events, including heavy rain, strong winds, and sea surges, to the public via the “KaWaCHaM” warning sirens.
iii.It  has a citizen portal and 24-hour emergency call centres. Through these platforms, the public can report hazards or seek help during emergencies.
iv.The system also stores critical data, such as the locations of water bodies, roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, and other key infrastructure, to aid in disaster management.
v.The State Emergency Operations Centre (SEOC) will manage the KaWaCHaM system in Kerala.
Note: At present, the SDMA has been using social media, location-based Short Message Service (SMS), and other communication channels to share severe weather or disaster warnings from central agencies with the public.
About Kerala:
Chief Minister (CM) – Pinarayi Vijayan
Governor – Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
Capital – Thiruvananthapuram
State Bird – The Great Hornbill
Dance – Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, Thirvathirakali (Kaikottikali), Theyyam

Tripura Gets New State Emblem with the Approval of MHAIn January 2025, Tripura Chief Minister (CM) Manik Saha announced that the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) had approved the New state emblem. The state’s history and culture will be prominently featured in the logo.
i.The proposal of the State Emblem of the government of Tripura has been examined by Rule 4(2) of the State Emblem of India (Regulation of Use) Rules, 2007 (as amended in 2010) and determined to be in order.
ii.In the newly designed emblem, the Tripura map is positioned inside a saffron circle, and the national emblem of India is displayed within the outline of the map. Additionally, the Government of Tripura is written below the circle.

Appointments of New Chief Justices for Delhi and Bombay High CourtsOn 21 January 2025, Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya was sworn in as the 33rd Chief Justice (CJ) of the Delhi High Court (HC), situated in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The oath of office was administered by Lieutenant (Lt.) Governor Shri Vinai Kumar Saxena at a ceremony held at Raj Niwas, New Delhi attended by Chief Minister ( CM) of Delhi, Atishi Marlena Singh and senior judicial officials.
• He succeeds Justice Vibhu Bakhru, who served as the Acting Chief Justice prior to his appointment..

i.Before his appointment as the Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court, Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya served as the Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court.
ii.His appointment brought the court’s strength to 38 judges.
Justice Alok Aradhe was sworn in as the CJ of the Bombay High Court:
On the same day, Justice Alok Aradhe was sworn in as the 48th Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court located in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

• Justice Aradhe succeeded Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya.
• The Governor of Maharashtra, CP Radhakrishnan, administered the oath of office during the same ceremony held at Raj Bhavan..

Note: Both appointments were made following the order of the President of India, Droupadi Murmu, based on the recommendation of the Supreme Court (SC) Collegium.

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