The Institute for Competitiveness released the annual 2022 Social Progress Index (SPI) which was published by Social Progress Imperative. India secured a global rank of 110 with score of 60.19 in Tier 4 countries.
- The index is topped by Norway with a score of 90.74 in Tier-1 countries i.e. high income countries.
- Among Tier 2 countries, Spain topped with a score of 85.35, and global rank of 21st.
- Among Tier 3 countries, Russia topped with a score of 71.99, and global rank of 59th.
- In Tier 4, Ghana is on top with a score of 64.80 at 98th while Tier 5 is topped by Côte d’Ivoire with 54.01, and 127th rank; and Tier 6 Niger tops at 159th global rank with a score of 43.14.
Assessment:
The index used 12 components and 60 indicators to measure the social performance of 169 countries fully and an additional 27 countries partially.
What is in the SPI?
Social Progress Imperative has produced an annual global SPI since 2013. It helps us understand how people across the world are living, who is being left behind and how to accelerate progress.
- It is the only measurement tool to focus exclusively comprehensively and systematically on the non-economic dimensions of social performance across the globe with transparent and actionable data.
Table Showing the Global Toppers in 2022 Social Progress Index:
| Global Rank | Country | Score |
|---|---|---|
| Tier 1 | ||
| 1 | Norway | 90.74 |
| 2 | Denmark | 90.54 |
| 3 | Finland | 90.46 |
| Tier 2 | ||
| 21 | Spain | 85.35 |
| 22 | Italy | 85.23 |
| 23 | Czechia | 85.19 |
| Tier 3 | ||
| 59 | Russia | 71.99 |
| 60 | Ecuador | 71.75 |
| 61 | Belarus | 71.49 |
| Tier 4 | ||
| 98 | Ghana | 64.80 |
| 99 | El Salvador | 64.42 |
| 100 | Morocco | 64.04 |
| 110 | India | 60.19 |
| Tier 5 | ||
| 127 | Côte d’Ivoire | 54.01 |
| 128 | Nigeria | 52.97 |
| 129 | Lesotho | 52.90 |
| Tier 6 | ||
| 159 | Niger | 43.14 |
| 160 | Burundi | 42.91 |
| 161 | Congo | 42.70 |
South Sudan ranked at the bottom, at 169th, with a score of 30.65.
Key Points:
i.As per the index, the world has improved but only by 0.37 points as compared to 2021, while 52 countries (31%) saw a decline in social progress.
ii.The decline is due to the retreating of personal rights around the world, impacts of Covid-19, threats from climate change, economic turbulence and widespread political change.
iii.The world is leading towards the first-ever “social progress recession” in 2023.
iv.There has been a significant decline in the world score on personal rights since 2011 (-5.34 points).
India in 2022 SPI: Puducherry Tops
The SPI 2022 for States and Districts made by the Institute for Competitiveness and Social Progress Imperative was submitted to the Economic Advisory Council- Prime Minister (EAC-PM).
- It was authored by Dr. Amit Kapoor, Honorary Chairman, Institute for Competitiveness, India, Lecturer, Stanford University; and Michael Green, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Social Progress Imperative.
- It was released by Bibek Debroy, Chairman, EAC-PM on December 20, 2022 at New Delhi, Delhi in presence of above the mentioned authors.
About 2022 SPI for states and districts:
It is a tool measuring country’s social progress at the national and sub-national levels. It evaluated 36 States/UTs & 707 districts. The framework comprises 89 indicators at the state level and 49 in the district level.
- The index assesses states and districts based on 12 components across three dimensions of social progress – Basic Human Needs, Foundations of Wellbeing, and Opportunity.
Score of India in 3 Dimensions:
i.Basic Human Needs: It assess the performance of states and districts in terms of Nutrition and Basic Medical Care, Water and Sanitation, Personal Safety and Shelter.
- Score- 73.80
ii.Foundations of Wellbeing: It evaluates the progress made by the country across the components of Access to Basic Knowledge, Access to Information and Communication, Health and Wellness, and Environmental Quality.
- Score- 52
iii.Opportunity: It focuses on Personal Rights, Personal Freedom and Choice, Inclusiveness, and Access to Advanced Education.
- Score 54.77
Ranking of India’s States and districts
Based on the SPI scores, the states and districts have been ranked under 6 tiers of social progress which are showing in the following table:
| Overall Rank | State | Score |
|---|---|---|
| Tier 1: Very High Social Progress | ||
| 1 | Puducherry | 65.99 |
| 2 | Lakshadweep | 65.89 |
| 3 | Goa | 65.53 |
| Tier 2: High Social Progress | ||
| 10 | Jammu and Kashmir | 60.76 |
| 11 | Punjab | 60.23 |
| 12 | Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | 59.81 |
| Tier-III: Upper Middle Social Progress | ||
| 16 | Uttarakhand | 58.26 |
| 17 | Karnataka | 56.77 |
| 18 | Arunachal Pradesh | 56.56 |
| Tier-IV: Lower Middle Social Progress | ||
| 21 | Haryana | 54.15 |
| 22 | Gujarat | 53.81 |
| 23 | Andhra Pradesh | 53.60 |
| Tier-V: Low Social Progress | ||
| 31 | Uttar Pradesh | 49.16 |
| 32 | Odisha | 48.19 |
| 33 | Madhya Pradesh | 48.11 |
| Tier-VI: Very Low Social Progress | ||
| 34 | Assam | 44.92 |
| 35 | Bihar | 44.47 |
| 36 | Jharkhand | 43.95 |
Key Points:
i.Puducherry got the highest SPI score of 65.99 due to its remarkable performance across components like personal freedom and choice, shelter, and water and sanitation.
ii.India has made significant economic progress over the last decade. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita has increased by over 39.7% from 2011-12 to 2020-21 (RBI).
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